In order to explore the risk factors of infertility caused by endometriosis (EMT) and their correlation with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17, endometriosis sufferers admitted to our hospital from January 2021 to May 2022 are selected to conduct the examination. According to the pregnancy of patients, patients were included in the simple EMT set and EMT combined infertility set, with 50 cases in each group. The degree of dysmenorrhea is evaluated by the VAS score, and Luminex liquid protein is used to analyze the standards of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF-A), interleukin (IL)-10, IL-6, IL-17, and VEGF. Logistic multifactor regression decomposition is applied to analyze the risk factors of infertility in EMT sufferers. Besides, the standards of VEGF, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17 in sufferers with different periods/agony degrees are evaluated, and the correlation of different periods/agony degrees with VEGF, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17 is analyzed. The results show that the different R-AFS periods are notoriously positively correlated with VEGF, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17 (all P < 0.05), and the VAS score is notoriously positively correlated with the abovementioned factors.