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      Revisiting the study of the life cycles of predatory ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in the agrolandscape of the foothill zone of Krasnodar Krai

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          Abstract

          The article discusses the results of 4-year studies of the demographic structure and life cycles of predatory ground beetles populations in the agrolandscape and adjacent biocenoses of the foothill zone of Krasnodar Krai. The main “residential” and “transit” biotopes of 102 species were identified. It was found that among the studied species 36 ones have a full age structure; currently, life cycles for 4 widespread species in this zone have been completely reconstructed.

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          Rapid range shifts of species associated with high levels of climate warming.

          The distributions of many terrestrial organisms are currently shifting in latitude or elevation in response to changing climate. Using a meta-analysis, we estimated that the distributions of species have recently shifted to higher elevations at a median rate of 11.0 meters per decade, and to higher latitudes at a median rate of 16.9 kilometers per decade. These rates are approximately two and three times faster than previously reported. The distances moved by species are greatest in studies showing the highest levels of warming, with average latitudinal shifts being generally sufficient to track temperature changes. However, individual species vary greatly in their rates of change, suggesting that the range shift of each species depends on multiple internal species traits and external drivers of change. Rapid average shifts derive from a wide diversity of responses by individual species.
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            Organic agriculture in the twenty-first century.

            Organic agriculture has a history of being contentious and is considered by some as an inefficient approach to food production. Yet organic foods and beverages are a rapidly growing market segment in the global food industry. Here, we examine the performance of organic farming in light of four key sustainability metrics: productivity, environmental impact, economic viability and social wellbeing. Organic farming systems produce lower yields compared with conventional agriculture. However, they are more profitable and environmentally friendly, and deliver equally or more nutritious foods that contain less (or no) pesticide residues, compared with conventional farming. Moreover, initial evidence indicates that organic agricultural systems deliver greater ecosystem services and social benefits. Although organic agriculture has an untapped role to play when it comes to the establishment of sustainable farming systems, no single approach will safely feed the planet. Rather, a blend of organic and other innovative farming systems is needed. Significant barriers exist to adopting these systems, however, and a diversity of policy instruments will be required to facilitate their development and implementation.
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              Predation by the Carabid BeetlesPterostichus melanariusandPoecilus cupreuson Slugs and Slug Eggs

                Author and article information

                Journal
                BIO Web of Conferences
                BIO Web Conf.
                EDP Sciences
                2117-4458
                2020
                June 22 2020
                2020
                : 21
                : 00009
                Article
                10.1051/bioconf/20202100009
                a5011ee5-2b7c-4f94-8d89-e8dc6ded53f5
                © 2020

                https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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