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      Increased stream discharge after the 3 September 2016 Mw 5.8 Pawnee, Oklahoma earthquake : Stream Response to an Induced Earthquake

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      Geophysical Research Letters
      Wiley-Blackwell

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          Impact of shale gas development on regional water quality.

          Unconventional natural gas resources offer an opportunity to access a relatively clean fossil fuel that could potentially lead to energy independence for some countries. Horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing make the extraction of tightly bound natural gas from shale formations economically feasible. These technologies are not free from environmental risks, however, especially those related to regional water quality, such as gas migration, contaminant transport through induced and natural fractures, wastewater discharge, and accidental spills. We review the current understanding of environmental issues associated with unconventional gas extraction. Improved understanding of the fate and transport of contaminants of concern and increased long-term monitoring and data dissemination will help manage these water-quality risks today and in the future.
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            Induced earthquakes. Sharp increase in central Oklahoma seismicity since 2008 induced by massive wastewater injection.

            Unconventional oil and gas production provides a rapidly growing energy source; however, high-production states in the United States, such as Oklahoma, face sharply rising numbers of earthquakes. Subsurface pressure data required to unequivocally link earthquakes to wastewater injection are rarely accessible. Here we use seismicity and hydrogeological models to show that fluid migration from high-rate disposal wells in Oklahoma is potentially responsible for the largest swarm. Earthquake hypocenters occur within disposal formations and upper basement, between 2- and 5-kilometer depth. The modeled fluid pressure perturbation propagates throughout the same depth range and tracks earthquakes to distances of 35 kilometers, with a triggering threshold of ~0.07 megapascals. Although thousands of disposal wells operate aseismically, four of the highest-rate wells are capable of inducing 20% of 2008 to 2013 central U.S. seismicity.
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              Potentially induced earthquakes in Oklahoma, USA: Links between wastewater injection and the 2011 Mw 5.7 earthquake sequence

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Geophysical Research Letters
                Geophys. Res. Lett.
                Wiley-Blackwell
                00948276
                November 28 2016
                November 28 2016
                : 43
                : 22
                : 11,588-11,594
                Article
                10.1002/2016GL071268
                a53618b6-78d3-49a6-bbea-64bb0bb5764d
                © 2016

                http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1

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