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      Reporte de caso: pulicosis por Ctenocephalides felis felis en ovinos y caprinos en la sabana de Bogotá, Colombia Translated title: Case report: pulicosis por Ctenocephaudes feus feus en ovinos y caprinos en la sabana de Bogota, Colombia

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          Abstract

          En Colombia la cría de ovinos de pelo y caprinos se está expandiendo en diversas regiones por ser alternativa para la producción de carne y leche a precios competitivos gracias a su adaptabilidad y facilidad para digerir forrajes toscos. Dentro de los ectoparásitos que afectan a los pequeños rumiantes tradicionalmente se reconoce a los piojos y la falsa garrapata, Melophagus ovinus (Díptera: Hippoboscidae), sin embargo, las pulgas no se incluyen. Aquí se describe la ocurrencia de la pulga común del gato Ctenocephalides felis felis (Díptera: Siphonaptera) afectando a ovinos y caprinos en una explotación en la sabana de Bogotá, donde se realizó un levantamiento epidemiológico y parasitológico. El aprisco mantenía animales en pastoreo rotacional a una carga animal aproximada de 25 cabezas/ha, recibiendo suplementación adicional con heno y silo. Se confirmó la presencia de la pulga en ovinos y caprinos jóvenes y adultos, lo mismo que en los perros. Los animales evidenciaron diversos grados de anemia, pero no se pudo estudiar la asociación pulicosis - anemia o la presencia de otros agentes anemizantes. En la finca no se utilizan parasiticidas de síntesis. Para mitigar la parasitosis se administra extracto de Ruda (Ruta graveolens), sin mayor eficacia. Criadores de ovinos y caprinos en el trópico deben considerar la pulicosis como agente causante de situaciones adversas de bienestar animal en sus fincas. El control debe partir del entendimiento del ciclo de vida de la pulga, buscando interrumpirlo

          Translated abstract

          In Colombia the rearing of hair sheep and goats are expanding in various regions for being an alternative for meat and milk production at competitive prices due to their adaptability and easiness to digest rough fodder. Among the ectoparasites that affect small ruminants traditionally are recognized the lice and the sheep keds Melophagus ovinus (Diptera: Hippoboscidae), however fleas are not included. Here the occurrence of the common cat flea Ctenocephalides felis felis (Diptera: Siphonaptera) affecting sheep and goats in a farm at the Sabana de Bogota are described an so there was performed an epidemiological and parasitological evaluation. The barn maintained animals in rotational grazing at an approximated stocking rate of 25 head/ha, receiving additional supplements of hay and silage. The presence of the flea was confirmed in sheep and goats, young and adult, as well as in dogs. Diverse degrees of anemia were evidenced but the association between flea infestation and anemia, or the presence of other anemia producing agents could not be studied. In the farm synthetic parasiticides are not used, extracts of Ruda (Ruta graveolens) are administered to mitigate parasitosis, without major efficacy. Sheep and goat breeders in the tropics should consider flea infestation as an agent causing adverse animal welfare situations in their farms. Control should start from the knowledge of the life cycle of the flea, trying to interrupt it

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          Enzootiology of Trypanosoma evansi in Pantanal, Brazil.

          In order to better understand the enzootiology of trypanosomiasis caused by Trypanosoma evansi in the Brazilian Pantanal we examined domestic and wild mammals by microhematocrit centrifuge technique (MHCT), immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). T. evansi infection was detected in all species sampled with exception of the sheep and the feral pig. High parasitemias were observed in capybaras (5/24), coatis (18/115), horses (31/321) and dogs (3/112). Among these species, only the capybaras did not develop anemia. Low parasitemias, only detected by PCR, were found in buffaloes (18/43), bovines (29/331), marsupials (1/4), small rodents (14/67), bats (7/18), and one armadillo (1/8). The highest prevalence of T. evansi infection was recorded in horses (73%), although no neurological signs in infected horses were observed. Diagnosis through standard parasitological tests and IFAT should be used with caution since they may overlook comprovedly infected horses. The relationship between ranch management and T. evansi infection in horse was investigated. The importance of other transmission mechanisms apart from the tabanids and reservoir hosts are discussed.
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            Ethnomedicines used in Trinidad and Tobago for reproductive problems

            Background Throughout history women have tried to control or enhance their fertility using herbal remedies, with various levels of societal support. Caribbean folk medicine has been influenced by European folk medicine, either through the early Spanish and French settlers or through the continuous immigration of Spanish-speaking peoples from Venezuela. Some folk uses are ancient and were documented by Galen and Pliny the Elder. Methods Thirty respondents, ten of whom were male were interviewed from September 1996 to September 2000. The respondents were obtained by snowball sampling, and were found in thirteen different sites, 12 in Trinidad (Paramin, Talparo, Sangre Grande, Mayaro, Carapichaima, Kernahan, Newlands, Todd's Road, Arima, Guayaguayare, Santa Cruz, Port of Spain and Siparia) and one in Tobago (Mason Hall). Snowball sampling was used because there was no other means of identifying respondents and to cover the entire islands. The validation of the remedies was conducted with a non-experimental method. Results Plants are used for specific problems of both genders. Clusea rosea, Urena sinuata and Catharanthus roseus are used for unspecified male problems. Richeria grandis and Parinari campestris are used for erectile dysfunction. Ageratum conyzoides, Scoparia dulcis, Cucurbita pepo, Cucurbita maxima, Gomphrena globosa and Justicia pectoralis are used for prostate problems. The following plants are used for childbirth and infertility: Mimosa pudica, Ruta graveolens, Abelmoschus moschatus, Chamaesyce hirta, Cola nitida, Ambrosia cumanenesis, Pilea microphylla, Eryngium foetidum, Aristolochia rugosa, Aristolochia trilobata, Coleus aromaticus, Laportea aestuans and Vetiveria zizanioides. The following plants are used for menstrual pain and unspecified female complaints: Achyranthes indica, Artemisia absinthium, Brownea latifolia, Eleutherine bulbosa, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Eupatorium macrophyllum, Justicia secunda, Parthenium hysterophorus, Wedelia trilobata, Abelmoschus moschatus, Capraria biflora, Cordia curassavica, Croton gossypifolius, Entada polystachya, Leonotis nepetaefolia, Eryngium foetidum, Aristolochia rugosa, Aristolochia trilobata and Ambrosia cumanenesis. Conclusion Native Caribbean plants have been less studied that those from Africa, India and Europe. Chamaesyce hirta has scientific support but as a diuretic. Other plants with level 3 validity for reproductive issues are: Achyranthes indica, Coleus aromaticus, Hibiscus rosa-sinesis, Parthenium hysterophorus and Ruta graveolens. The non-experimental validation method can be used to advise the public on which plants are safe, effective and useful, and which are not; pending clinical trials. This is especially important since so few clinical trials are conducted on Caribbean plants.
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              Helmiths, Arthropods and Protozoa of Domesticated Animal

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rmv
                Revista de Medicina Veterinaria
                Rev. Med. Vet.
                Universidad de La Salle (Bogotá )
                0122-9354
                June 2010
                : 0
                : 19
                : 123-135
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidad de La Salle Colombia
                [2 ] Universidad de La Salle Colombia
                Article
                S0122-93542010000100011
                a53a3f79-7ed6-4931-983c-ad456e844e69

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Colombia

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0122-9354&lng=en
                Categories
                VETERINARY SCIENCES

                General veterinary medicine
                anemia,arthropod,sheep and goat chain,external parasites,small ruminants,artrópodos,cadena ovino caprina,parásitos externos,pequeños rumiantes,pulgas

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