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      Homocysteine as a Cardiovascular Risk Factor

      research-article
      a , b
      Blood Purification
      S. Karger AG
      Homocysteine, Hemodialysis, Membranes, Risk factor, Therapy

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          Abstract

          Hyperhomocysteinemia (HH), a known risk factor for vascular diseases, is a frequent condition in hemodialysis (HD) patients. HH induces an oxidant stress to the vascular endothelium, causing a failure of vasodilation and an impairment of the antithrombotic properties. Vitamins B<sub>6</sub>, B<sub>12</sub> and folic acid are important cofactors for the enzymes in the catabolism of homocysteine (Hcy). Failure of Hcy catabolism forces the cell to export Hcy into the plasma. The kidney is an important metabolic site for removal (up to 70%) of plasma Hcy (P-Hcy). HD lowers the P-Hcy concentration by 29 and 41% with cellulosic and noncellulosic membranes, respectively, yet values return to normal in only a few patients. Clearly, we must decrease the dangerous high levels of Hcy in different ways. Vitamin Supplementation: Vitamins B<sub>6</sub>, B<sub>12</sub> and folic acid decreased the basal level of Hcy by about 40%, starting from the sixth month. Membranes: Some membranes performed better than the others. Techniques: On the chronic basis, in our 1-year experience, paired filtration dialyis led to the best results, when compared to bicarbonate dialysis and acetate-free biofiltration. Finally, as in HD patients no one type of treatment can normalize the P-Hcy concentration, we should try other, different strategies such as absorption, the use of liposomes and new types of supplementation.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          BPU
          Blood Purif
          10.1159/issn.0253-5068
          Blood Purification
          S. Karger AG
          978-3-8055-7083-1
          978-3-318-00584-4
          0253-5068
          1421-9735
          2000
          2000
          03 August 2000
          : 18
          : 3
          : 177-182
          Affiliations
          aNephrology and Dialysis Unit and bLaboratory and Clinical Chemistry, Legnago Hospital, Legnago/VR, Italy
          Article
          14416 Blood Purif 2000;18:177–182
          10.1159/000014416
          10859420
          a5743aaa-90ff-4456-90f1-9611b7241937
          © 2000 S. Karger AG, Basel

          Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

          History
          Page count
          Figures: 3, Tables: 1, References: 11, Pages: 6
          Categories
          Paper

          Cardiovascular Medicine,Nephrology
          Homocysteine,Hemodialysis,Membranes,Risk factor,Therapy
          Cardiovascular Medicine, Nephrology
          Homocysteine, Hemodialysis, Membranes, Risk factor, Therapy

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