Angiogenesis and Lymphangiogenesis in Salivary Gland Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma and Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma

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Abstract

Background and Purpose:

This study aimed to investigate the immunohistochemical expression of CD31 and podoplanin in order to examine angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, respectively in common malignant tumors of salivary glands.

Materials and Methods:

Forty formalin-fixed, paraffinated blocks (20 adenoid cystic carcinoma and 20 mucoepidermoid carcinoma blocks) were selected from the medical archives of Amir A’lam Hospital of Tehran, Iran. Sections from the blocks were stained by CD31 and D2-40 markers via immunohistochemistry. Clinical and demographic information was extracted from the patients’ records.

Findings:

There was a significant difference between tumors in terms of intratumoral microvessel density (MVD) (P< 0.001), total MVD (P< 0.001), and intratumoral lymphatic vessel density (LVD) (P= 0.011). In mucoepidermoid carcinoma, intratumoral MVD and LVD were greater than peritumoral MVD and LVD (P= 0.001 and P< 0.001, respectively). In mucoepidermoid carcinoma, there was no relationship between histological grade with MVD (total, intratumoral or peritumoral) or LVD (total, intratumoral or peritumoral) (P> 0.05). A similar finding was reported with respect to the histopathological grade of adenoid cystic carcinoma (P> 0.05).

Conclusion:

The higher level of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in mucoepidermoid carcinoma, specifically at the center of tumor, compared to adenoid cystic carcinoma, may be attributed to differences in the clinical behaviors and metastasis of tumors. Moreover, considering the high LVD at the center of tumor in mucoepidermoid carcinoma and infrequency of metastasis to regional lymph nodes in adenoid cystic carcinoma, it can play a significant role in metastasis to regional lymph nodes.

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Most cited references 23

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Lymphangiogenesis and cancer metastasis.

S A Stacker, Marc Achen, Kari Alitalo … (2002)

Lymphatic vessels are important for the spread of solid tumours, but the mechanisms that underlie lymphatic spread and the role of lymphangiogenesis (the growth of lymphatics) in tumour metastasis has been less clear. This article reviews recent experimental and clinico-pathological data indicating that growth factors that stimulate lymphangiogenesis in tumours are associated with an enhanced metastatic process.

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Mechanisms of angiogenesis.

A Karamysheva (2008)

Tissue activity of angiogenesis depends on the balance of many stimulating or inhibiting factors. The key signaling system that regulates proliferation and migration of endothelial cells forming the basis of any vessel are vascular endothelium growth factors (VEGF) and their receptors. The VEGF-dependent signaling system is necessary for formation of the embryonic vascular system. Neoangiogenesis during tumor growth is also associated with activation of this signaling system. The biological significance of the effect of such system on the cells depends on the content in tissue of various factors of the VEGF family and their receptors, while in the case of VEGFA it is defined by the ratio of different isoforms of this growth factor. A number of other signaling systems are also involved in regulation of the main steps of vessel formation. The signaling system Dll4/Notch regulates selection of endothelial cells for beginning of angiogenic expansion by endowing particular properties to endothelial cells leading in this process. An important step in vessel stabilization and maturation is vascular wall formation. Signaling system PDGFB/PDGFRbeta as well as angiopoietins Ang1, Ang2, and their receptor Tie2 are involved in recruiting mural cells (pericytes and smooth muscle cells). Identification of key molecules involved in the regulation of angiogenesis may provide new possibilities for development of drugs suitable for inhibition of angiogenesis or its stimulation in various pathologies.

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Incidence of carcinoma of the major salivary glands according to the WHO classification, 1992 to 2006: a population-based study in the United States.

Graça M Dores, Charles Land, Ross Curtis … (2009)

Carcinomas of the major salivary glands (M-SGC) comprise a morphologically diverse group of rare tumors of largely unknown cause. To gain insight into etiology, we evaluated incidence of M-SGC using the WHO classification schema (WHO-2005). We calculated age-adjusted incidence rates (IR) and IR ratios (IRR) for M-SGC diagnosed between 1992 and 2006 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program. Overall, 6,391 M-SGC (IR, 11.95/1,000,000 person-years) were diagnosed during 1992 to 2006. Nearly 85% of cases (n = 5,370; IR, 10.00) were encompassed within WHO-2005, and among these, males had higher IRs than females [IRR, 1.51; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.43-1.60]. Squamous cell (IR, 3.44) and mucoepidermoid (IR, 3.23) carcinomas occurred most frequently among males, whereas mucoepidermoid (IR, 2.67), acinic cell (IR, 1.57), and adenoid cystic (IR, 1.40) carcinomas were most common among females. Mucoepidermoid, acinic cell, and adenoid cystic carcinomas predominated in females through age approximately 50 years; thereafter, IRs of acinic cell and adenoid cystic carcinomas were nearly equal among females and males, whereas IRs of mucoepidermoid carcinoma among males exceeded IRs among females (IRR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.38-1.78). Except for mucoepidermoid and adenoid cystic carcinomas, which occurred equally among all races, other subtypes had significantly lower incidence among Blacks and Asians/Pacific Islanders than among Whites. Adenoid cystic carcinoma occurred equally in the submandibular and parotid glands, and other M-SGC histologic subtypes evaluated had 77% to 98% lower IRs in the submandibular gland. Overall M-SGC IRs remained stable during 1992 to 2006. Distinct incidence patterns according to histologic subtype suggest that M-SGC are a diverse group of neoplasms characterized by etiologic and/or biological heterogeneity with varying susceptibility by gender and race.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Asian Pac J Cancer Prev

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev

Journal ID (publisher-id): APJCP

Title: Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention : APJCP

Publisher: West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (Iran )

ISSN (Print): 1513-7368

ISSN (Electronic): 2476-762X

Publication date (Print): 2019

Volume: 20

Issue: 12

Pages: 3547-3553

Affiliations

[1 ] Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari,

[2 ] Dental Materials Research Center, Health Research Institute,

[3 ] Oral health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Dental Faculty,

[5 ] Non-Communicable Pediatrics’ Disease Research Center, Institute of Health, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol,

[4 ] Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Author notes

[* ]For Correspondence: ms_majidi79@yahoo.com

Article

DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2019.20.12.3547

PMC ID: 7173365

PubMed ID: 31870093

SO-VID: a574573c-f54f-4ff0-ac61-c19af553b1ac

License:

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Angiogenesis and Lymphangiogenesis in Salivary Gland Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma and Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma

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Abstract

Background and Purpose:

Materials and Methods:

Findings:

Conclusion:

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Most cited references 23

Lymphangiogenesis and cancer metastasis.

Mechanisms of angiogenesis.

Incidence of carcinoma of the major salivary glands according to the WHO classification, 1992 to 2006: a population-based study in the United States.

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