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      First molecular isolation of Mycoplasma ovis from small ruminants in North Africa

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          Abstract

          Eperythrozoonosis is a small ruminant disease caused by the bacterium Mycoplasma ovis (formerly known as Eperythrozoon ovis). Whilst acute infection in sheep may result in an anaemia and ill thrift syndrome, most animals do not develop clinical signs. Molecular methods were used to compare and evaluate the prevalence of infection with M. ovis in sheep and goats in Tunisia. A total of 739 whole blood samples from 573 sheep and 166 goats were tested for the M. ovis 16S rRNA gene using PCR. The overall prevalence was 6.28% ± 0.019 (36/573). Only sheep were infected with M. ovis ( p < 0.001), and the prevalence was significantly higher in central Tunisia (29.2%) compared with other regions ( p < 0.05). The prevalence revealed significant differences according to breed and bioclimatic zones ( p < 0.001). Furthermore, the prevalence in young sheep (35/330; 10.6%) was higher than in adults (1/243; 0.41%) ( p < 0.001). Only sheep of the Barbarine breed were infected, with a prevalence of 11.8% ( p < 0.001). This is the first molecular study and genetic characterisation of M. ovis in North African sheep breeds.

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          Cystic echinococcosis in slaughtered domestic ruminants from Tunisia.

          S Lahmar, M Trifi, S Ben Naceur … (2013)
          A total of 10,818 domestic ruminants (3913 cattle, 2722 sheep, 3779 goats, 404 dromedaries) slaughtered in various abattoirs in Tunisia between 2003 and 2010 were examined for the presence of Echinococcus granulosus hydatid cysts. The prevalence of cystic echinococcosis (CE) was 16.42% in sheep, 8.56% in cattle, 5.94% in dromedaries and 2.88% in goats. CE prevalence increased with age according to an asymptotic model and there was evidence of variation in infection pressure depending on the region of Tunisia where the animals were slaughtered. Cattle appeared to have the highest infection pressure of the species examined. The mean intensity of hepatic cysts was higher than that of pulmonary cysts in all species. The highest mean intensity of infection with E. granulosus larvae was observed in cattle (18.14) followed by sheep (9.58), goats (2.31) and dromedaries (2.12). The abundance of infection increased in a linear fashion with age in all animal species. Cyst abundance varied with species of animal and district of Tunisia. Cysts from dromedaries were more fertile (44.44%) than those from sheep (30.25%), goats (30.32%) and cattle (0.95%). The viability of the protoscoleces from fertile cysts from cattle (78.45%) was higher than those from sheep (70.71%) and camels (69.57%). The lowest protoscolex viability was recorded for hydatid cysts from goats (20.21%). This epidemiological study confirms the importance of CE in all domestic ruminant species, particularly in sheep, throughout Tunisia and emphasizes the need to interrupt parasite transmission by preventive integrated approaches in a CE control programme.
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            Mycoplasma ovis in captive cervids: prevalence, molecular characterization and phylogeny.

            Wanderlei Moraes, Ana Grazziotin, José Oliveira … (2011)
            Hemotrophic mycoplasmas (hemoplasmas) are bacteria that attach to red blood cells of mammals, leading to acute and/or subclinical disease in infected animals. It has been suggested that Mycoplasma ovis, a hemoplasma that infects sheep and goats worldwide, may also infect deer. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether South American deer are infected with M. ovis. EDTA-anticoagulated blood samples from a herd of 32 captive South American deer were collected. DNA extraction of blood samples was performed followed by PCR amplification of the 16S and 23S rRNA genes, and sequencing of products. Using M. ovis PCR, 27/31 (87%) were positive, including 21/22 Mazama nana; 2/3 Mazama americana and 4/6 Blastocerus dichotomus. Sequencing of the nearly entire 16S rRNA gene of 26/27 positive samples showed 98.2-98.8% identity to M. ovis of sheep (GenBank, AF338268) and 98.6-99.4% identity to M. ovis-like of a fawn (FJ824847); the 23S rRNA gene from one of these isolates and the fawn's had 97.6% identity. The remaining isolate had just 94.9% identity to the 16S rRNA gene of M. ovis and only 89.4% identity to the 23S rRNA gene of the fawn's M. ovis. This is the first report of M. ovis in captive South American deer, revealing a high prevalence of hemoplasma infection in these animals. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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              Identification of a haemomycoplasma species in anemic reindeer (Rangifer tarandus).

              Priscilla Olsen, D Alt, Judith Stasko … (2006)
              During an 18-mo period (May 2002-November 2003), 10 animals in a herd of 19 reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) at the National Animal Disease Center (NADC) experienced episodes of anemia. Affected animals had histories of weight loss, unthriftiness, occasionally edema of dependent parts and moderate anemia characterized by microcytosis or macrocytosis, hypochromasia, schistocytosis, keratocytosis, acanthocytosis, and dacryocytosis. Numerous basophilic punctate to ring-shaped bodies, measuring less than 1.0 microm, were found on the surface of red blood cells and were often observed encircling the outer margins of the cells. Based on cytologic findings, DNA preparations from selected affected animals in the NADC herd and one animal from a private herd experiencing similar episodes of anemia were assayed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of hemotropic bacteria using primers targeting the 16S rRNA genes of Mycoplasma (Eperythrozoon) suis, Mycoplasma (Haemobartonella) haemofelis, Anaplasma marginale, Anaplasma spp., and Ehrlichia spp. Amplification products were detected from four of the affected animals using primers specific for the 16S rRNA gene of M. haemofelis and Mycoplasma haemocanis. Product from one of the animals was sequenced and internal primers were designed from the resulting sequence to perform a nested PCR assay. Samples from 10 reindeer were positive using the nested PCR reaction and products from seven animals were sequenced; BLAST searches and phylogenetic analysis were performed on the resulting sequences. Sequence data from six animals revealed homology to an organism most closely related to Mycoplasma ovis, Mycoplasma wenyonii, and Mycoplasma haemolamae; sequence from a single animal was most closely related to M. haemofelis and M. haemocanis. This represents the first identification of a haemomycoplasma species in reindeer. Although several animals were also infected with abomasal nematodes, the presence of this newly described haemomycoplasma may have contributed to the anemic syndrome.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Onderstepoort J Vet Res
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res
                Journal ID (publisher-id): OJVR
                Title: The Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research
                Publisher: AOSIS OpenJournals
                ISSN (Print): 0030-2465
                ISSN (Electronic): 2219-0635
                Publication date (Electronic): 08 June 2015
                Publication date Collection: 2015
                Volume: 82
                Issue: 1
                Electronic Location Identifier: 912
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Université de la Manouba, École Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire de Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
                [2 ]International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Amman, Jordan
                Author notes
                Correspondence to: Mohamed Rjeibi Email: medridharjeibi@ 123456yahoo.fr Postal address: Laboratoire de Parasitologie, École Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire de Sidi Thabet, Université de la Manouba, 2020 Sidi Thabet, Tunisia

                How to cite this article: Rjeibi, M.R., Darghouth, M.A., Omri, H., Souidi, K., Rekik, M. & Gharbi, M., 2015, ‘First molecular isolation of Mycoplasma ovis from small ruminants in North Africa’, Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research 82(1), Art. #912, 5 pages. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ojvr.v82i1.912

                Article
                Publisher ID: OJVR-82-912
                DOI: 10.4102/ojvr.v82i1.912
                PMC ID: 6238789
                PubMed ID: 26244681
                SO-VID: a58e5add-ac32-4542-91d0-08940f92421f
                Copyright © © 2015. The Authors
                License:

                Licensee: AOSIS OpenJournals. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License.

                History
                Date received : 30 November 2014
                Date accepted : 21 April 2015
                Categories
                Subject: Original Research

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