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      Treatment of tobacco addiction using the Feeling-State Addiction Protocol (FSAP) of the Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) treatment

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      Tobacco Induced Diseases
      BioMed Central
      11th Annual Conference of the International Society for the Prevention of Tobacco Induced Diseases (ISPTID)
      9-11 December 2013

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          Abstract

          Background Compulsions and cravings for smoking have been the subject of behavioral treatment. EMDR [1] is an established, effective treatment of trauma-based disorders [2]. Its use in the treatment of addictions and compulsions is relatively new. Although there are ways of targeting irrational positive affect via EMDR [3]. Merging the Feeling-State Theory of Compulsions and EMDR, the Eye Movement Compulsion Protocol (EMCP) was developed. EMCP is used for fading both feelings and un-wanted behavior related to smoking. The FSAP hypothesizes that the pleasure during smoking is imprinted in the brain generating feelings like comfort, contentment and happiness [4].Thus, when craving resurges, the Feeling-State (FS) behavior is re-enacted. The EMCP incorporates the standard eye movement technique of EMDR to reduce the FS associated with impulsion to smoke. This study aims to assess the efficacy of the FSAP in the treatment of tobacco addiction of relapsed smokers with persistent compulsions to smoke Materials and methods We studied 2 groups (12 smokers in each), that relapsed (at least 1 m after smoking cessation). Smokers were matched for age, sex, Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence & pack/d. Results The FSAP although brief, results in profound changes in behavior [4]. Consequently, the 1st group was administered 6 sessions of the FSAP protocol. The 2nd group had 6 sessions of Cognitive Behavior Therapy. The 2 groups were compared for smoking cessation (self-reported questionnaire, CO-measurements). The 1st group had a succession rate of 50% vs the second that had only 25%. Conclusion Thus, we conclude that EMDR could be a very helpful tool in managing smoking relapses.

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          A randomized clinical trial of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), fluoxetine, and pill placebo in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: treatment effects and long-term maintenance.

          The relative short-term efficacy and long-term benefits of pharmacologic versus psychotherapeutic interventions have not been studied for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study compared the efficacy of a selective serotonin reup-take inhibitor (SSRI), fluoxetine, with a psychotherapeutic treatment, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), and pill placebo and measured maintenance of treatment gains at 6-month follow-up. Eighty-eight PTSD subjects diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria were randomly assigned to EMDR, fluoxetine, or pill placebo. They received 8 weeks of treatment and were assessed by blind raters posttreatment and at 6-month follow-up. The primary outcome measure was the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale, DSM-IV version, and the secondary outcome measure was the Beck Depression Inventory-II. The study ran from July 2000 through July 2003. The psychotherapy intervention was more successful than pharmacotherapy in achieving sustained reductions in PTSD and depression symptoms, but this benefit accrued primarily for adult-onset trauma survivors. At 6-month follow-up, 75.0% of adult-onset versus 33.3% of child-onset trauma subjects receiving EMDR achieved asymptomatic end-state functioning compared with none in the fluoxetine group. For most childhood-onset trauma patients, neither treatment produced complete symptom remission. This study supports the efficacy of brief EMDR treatment to produce substantial and sustained reduction of PTSD and depression in most victims of adult-onset trauma. It suggests a role for SSRIs as a reliable first-line intervention to achieve moderate symptom relief for adult victims of childhood-onset trauma. Future research should assess the impact of lengthier intervention, combination treatments, and treatment sequencing on the resolution of PTSD in adults with childhood-onset trauma.
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            Author and article information

            Contributors
            Conference
            Tob Induc Dis
            Tob Induc Dis
            Tobacco Induced Diseases
            BioMed Central
            2070-7266
            1617-9625
            2014
            6 June 2014
            : 12
            : Suppl 1
            : A25
            Affiliations
            [1 ]Pulmonary &Critical Care Department, Evaggelismos Hospital, Athens, 10676, Greece
            Article
            1617-9625-12-S1-A25
            10.1186/1617-9625-12-S1-A25
            4101559
            a59ad9cc-8c24-4faf-beb8-de0987414a7e
            Copyright © 2014 Tsoutsa et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

            This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

            11th Annual Conference of the International Society for the Prevention of Tobacco Induced Diseases (ISPTID)
            Athens, Greece
            9-11 December 2013
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            Respiratory medicine
            Respiratory medicine

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