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      Curious Case of Photo-distributed Verrucae in a Renal Transplant Patient: Report of Three Cases

      case-report

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          Abstract

          Viral warts are a common lesion found in patients who have undergone a renal transplant. The occurrence of verrucae also depends on the choice of immunosuppressant and posttransplant time interval. The presence of viral warts only on sun-exposed parts of the body is extremely uncommon and rarely reported. It might also influence the choice of treatment since these warts are often resistant to treatment.

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          Superficial fungal infections in 102 renal transplant recipients: a case-control study.

          Evren Sarifakioglu, Deniz Seçkin, Fusun-Kamber Can … (2003)
          Renal transplant recipients are predisposed to superficial fungal infections caused by graft-preserving immunosuppressive therapy. Reports have documented a wide range of prevalence rates for superficial fungal infections in this patient group. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and clinical and mycological features of superficial fungal infections in renal transplant recipients at our center. One hundred two consecutively registered renal transplant recipients (34 women, 68 men) and 88 healthy age- and sex-matched persons acting as controls (30 women, 58 men) underwent screening for the presence of superficial fungal infection. Skin scrapings and swabs were obtained from the dorsum of the tongue, upper part of the back, toe webs, and any suspicious lesions. Nail clippings were also collected. All samples were examined by direct microscopy and were stained with calcofluor white. The samples were cultured in Sabouraud dextrose agar, mycobiotic agar, and dermatophyte test medium. Candida species were identified on the basis of germ-tube production, spore formation in cornmeal agar, and results of biochemical testing. Dermatophytes were identified on the basis of colonial and microscopic morphologic features in conjunction with results of physiologic evaluation (in vitro hair perforation test, urease activity, temperature tolerance test, and nutritional test). Sixty-five (63.7%) of the 102 renal transplant recipients had cutaneous-oral candidiasis, dermatophytosis, or pityriasis versicolor, whereas only 27 (30.7%) of controls had fungal infection. Pityriasis versicolor was the most common fungal infection in the patient group (36.3%), followed by cutaneous-oral candidiasis (25.5%), onychomycosis (12.7%), and fungal toe-web infection (11.8%). Pityriasis versicolor and oral candidiasis were significantly more common among the renal transplant recipients, whereas the frequency of dermatophytosis in patients and controls was similar. Candida albicans was the main agent responsible for oral candidiasis, and Trichophyton rubrum was the most common dermatophyte isolated. Analysis showed that age, sex, and duration of immunosuppression did not significantly affect the prevalence of superficial fungal infection. Cyclosporine treatment and azathioprine therapy were identified as independent risk factors for superficial fungal disease. The prevalence of opportunistic infections with Pityrosporum ovale and C albicans is increased among renal transplant recipients, probably owing to the immunosuppressed state of this patient population. However, renal transplant recipients are not at increased risk of dermatophytosis.
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            Prevalence and clinical spectrum of skin diseases in kidney transplant recipients.

            Erica Sanchez, Araceli Santiago, G Janer (1991)
            Cutaneous lesions can be a significant problem in kidney transplant recipients. Factors such as climate and skin types have been implicated as modifiers of these clinical manifestations. With the purpose of determining the prevalence and clinical spectrum of skin diseases in a group of Hispanic kidney transplant recipients in a tropical climate, 82 serial unselected patients were examined. Seventy-eight were found to have some type of skin disease. Infections of the skin were the most common, followed by drug-induced changes and malignant or premalignant cutaneous tumors. Except for the preponderance of superficial mycotic infections, the overall results in our population are in agreement with other series.
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              Clinical and mycological features of dermatophytosis in renal transplant recipients.

              G Sentamil Selvi, A Kamalam, K Ajithados … (1999)
              Dermatophytosis was detected in 42% of 100 renal transplant recipients screened, of whom 17% had the infection for more than 1 year. Tinea cruris and tinea corporis were the common clinical types observed. Tinea unguium presented as proximal subungual white onychomycosis (PSWO) in 3% of patients. The lesions in the majority were non-inflammatory, scaly and without central clearance. The commonest isolate was Trichophyton rubrum.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Indian J Dermatol
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Indian J Dermatol
                Journal ID (publisher-id): IJD
                Title: Indian Journal of Dermatology
                Publisher: Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd (India )
                ISSN (Print): 0019-5154
                ISSN (Electronic): 1998-3611
                Publication date (Print): Jul-Aug 2016
                Volume: 61
                Issue: 4
                Pages: 440-442
                Affiliations
                [1] From the Department of Dermatology, St. John's Medical College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
                Author notes
                Address for correspondence: Dr. Samujjala Deb, C-45, New Raipur, Gangulybagan, Kolkata - 700 084, West Bengal, India. E-mail: samujjala.deb@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                Publisher ID: IJD-61-440
                DOI: 10.4103/0019-5154.185718
                PMC ID: 4966406
                PubMed ID: 27512193
                SO-VID: a59aee96-e5e8-42c5-8617-6c39890f24a2
                Copyright © Copyright: © Indian Journal of Dermatology
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.

                History
                Date received : January 2016
                Date accepted : April 2016
                Categories
                Subject: Case Report

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Dermatology
                Keywords: human papillomavirus,renal transplant,sun exposed,viral warts
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Dermatology
                Keywords: human papillomavirus, renal transplant, sun exposed, viral warts

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