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      Vascular Smooth Muscle Remodeling in Conductive and Resistance Arteries in Hypertension

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          Abstract

          <p class="first" id="d8214634e184">Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death worldwide and accounts for &gt;17.3 million deaths per year, with an estimated increase in incidence to 23.6 million by 2030. 1 Cardiovascular death represents 31% of all global deaths 2 -with stroke, heart attack, and ruptured aneurysms predominantly contributing to these high mortality rates. A key risk factor for cardiovascular disease is hypertension. Although treatment or reduction in hypertension can prevent the onset of cardiovascular events, existing therapies are only partially effective. A key pathological hallmark of hypertension is increased peripheral vascular resistance because of structural and functional changes in large (conductive) and small (resistance) arteries. In this review, we discuss the clinical implications of vascular remodeling, compare the differences between vascular smooth muscle cell remodeling in conductive and resistance arteries, discuss the genetic factors associated with vascular smooth muscle cell function in hypertensive patients, and provide a prospective assessment of current and future research and pharmacological targets for the treatment of hypertension. </p>

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology
          ATVB
          Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
          1079-5642
          1524-4636
          September 2018
          September 2018
          : 38
          : 9
          : 1969-1985
          Affiliations
          [1 ]From the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (I.A.M.B., M.E.G., L.J.D., S.A.M., B.E.I.)
          [2 ]Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, Pneumology and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany (L.D., M.M.C.-K.)
          [3 ]Department of Pharmacology (L.J.D.)
          [4 ]Lillehei Heart Institute (J.L.H.)
          [5 ]Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (J.L.H.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
          [6 ]American Heart Association, Dallas, TX (J.L.H.).
          [7 ]Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (T.H.L.)
          [8 ]Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (B.E.I.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville
          Article
          10.1161/ATVBAHA.118.311229
          6205219
          30354262
          a5b3acbd-727c-47f4-a867-cb863da1480c
          © 2018
          History

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