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# Characterization and modeling of the polarization phenomenon to describe salt rejection by nanofiltration

, 1 , 3 , * , 1 , 1 , 2

4open

EDP Sciences

Nanofiltration, Polarization, New model

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### Abstract

In this work, dead-end filtration was applied to the nanofiltration of synthetic ionic solutions. In order to study the phenomenon of polarization in the boundary layer, we chose NaCl, CaCl 2 and Na 2(SO 4) solutions to pH = 6.8 which concentrations varies from 0.3 to 1.5 g L −1 and the filtration pressure varied from 6 to 16 bar. In this study, the results of these experiments show a correlation between the initial concentration of the solution and the pressure applied with the polarization. The polarization intensifies for the high concentrations and pressures. The ionic balance between the microscopic zone of polarization and the macroscopic state of the solution is described by the following key equation of the model:

$∫ δ ( t ) 0 ( C ( x , t ) − C o ) ⋅ v x ( t ) = ( C r ( t ) − C o ) ⋅ V s ( t )$

The novelty of this model that it is sufficient to know the conductivity and volume flow of permeate solution to calculate precisely the polarization concentration at the membrane surface, the thickness of the polarization layer and the concentration profile inside the boundary layer polarization. It is important to note that the model developed does not take into account the clogging phenomenon because the experiments were done on low concentration synthetic ionic solutions.

### Most cited references25

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### The Maxwell-Stefan approach to mass transfer

(1997)
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### A comprehensive review of nanofiltration membranes:Treatment, pretreatment, modelling, and atomic force microscopy

(2004)
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• Record: found

### Drawbacks of applying nanofiltration and how to avoid them: A review

(2008)
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### Author and article information

###### Journal
fopen
https://www.4open-sciences.org
4open
4open
EDP Sciences
2557-0250
12 November 2018
12 November 2018
2018
: 1
: ( publisher-idID: fopen/2018/01 )
###### Affiliations
[1 ] Membrane Technology Laboratory, Water Researches and Technologies Centre of Borj-Cedria (CERTE), , Technopark of Borj-Cedria, 8020 Soliman, Tunisia,
[2 ] Higher Institute of Sciences and Technologies of Environment of Borj Cedria, University of Carthage, , Carthage, Tunisia,
[3 ] Tunisia Faculty Science, , Tunis, Tunisia,
###### Author notes
[* ]Corresponding author: yassinemdemagh@ 123456yahoo.fr
###### Article
fopen180020
10.1051/fopen/2018005

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

###### Page count
Figures: 16, Tables: 1, Equations: 38, References: 27, Pages: 11
###### Product
Self URI (journal page): https://www.4open-sciences.org/
###### Categories
Chemistry - Applied Chemistry
Research Article
4open 2018, 1, 5
2018
2018
2018

Medicine, Chemistry, Physics, Mathematics, Materials science, Life sciences

Nanofiltration, Polarization, New model