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      Effectiveness of virtual reality for pediatric pain distraction during i.v. placement.

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          Abstract

          The objective of this study was to test the efficacy and suitability of virtual reality (VR) as a pain distraction for pediatric intravenous (i.v.) placement. Twenty children (12 boys, 8 girls) requiring i.v. placement for a magnetic resonance imaging/computed tomography (MRI/CT) scan were randomly assigned to two conditions: (1) VR distraction using Street Luge (5DT), presented via a head-mounted display, or (2) standard of care (topical anesthetic) with no distraction. Children, their parents, and nurses completed self-report questionnaires that assessed numerous health-related outcomes. Responses from the Faces Pain Scale-Revised indicated a fourfold increase in affective pain within the control condition; by contrast, no significant differences were detected within the VR condition. Significant associations between multiple measures of anticipatory anxiety, affective pain, i.v. pain intensity, and measures of past procedural pain provided support for the complex interplay of a multimodal assessment of pain perception. There was also a sufficient amount of evidence supporting the efficacy of Street Luge as a pediatric pain distraction tool during i.v. placement: an adequate level of presence, no simulator sickness, and significantly more child-, parent-, and nurse-reported satisfaction with pain management. VR pain distraction was positively endorsed by all reporters and is a promising tool for decreasing pain, and anxiety in children undergoing acute medical interventions. However, further research with larger sample sizes and other routine medical procedures is warranted.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Cyberpsychol Behav
          Cyberpsychology & behavior : the impact of the Internet, multimedia and virtual reality on behavior and society
          Mary Ann Liebert Inc
          1094-9313
          1094-9313
          Apr 2006
          : 9
          : 2
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Clinical Anesthesiology & Pediatrics, USC Keck School of Medicine, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90027-6062, USA. jgold@chla.usc.edu
          Article
          10.1089/cpb.2006.9.207
          16640481
          a5b75f65-a587-4bab-95ad-f32b166a19f4
          History

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