Nuevos registros de pseudoescorpiones (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones) en Chiapas, México

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Abstract

Dar a conocer los nuevos registros del orden Pseudoscorpiones para Chiapas, con base a ejemplares recolectados en diferentes localidades durante el periodo de abril del 2004 a noviembre del 2006, principalmente en los municipios de Ocosingo y Palenque. Los ejemplares se colectaron bajo troncos, en hojarasca y trampas pitfall. Además se revisó el material depositado en las Colecciones Nacionales de Ácaros (CNAC) y Arácnidos (CNAN) del Instituto de Biología de la UNAM. Se obtuvo un total de 137 pseudoescorpiones (75 hembras, 36 machos y 26 ninfas), de nueve familias, 13 géneros y 15 especies: siete son nuevos registros para Chiapas: Tyrannochthonius aff. pallidus (probable especie nueva), Albiorix conodentatus, Albiorix mexicanus, Menthus rossi, Ideoblothrus mexicanus, Withius piger, Chelifer cancroides, y Haplochelifer philipi un nuevo registro para México. Las especies con el mayor número de ejemplares y más amplia distribución fueron Ideoblothrus mexicanus, con 43 ejemplares encontrados en tres municipios, y Lustrochernes grossus, con 35 ejemplares en cinco municipios. Se incrementa el número de especies para Chiapas de 24 a 32, así como para el país de 161 a 162. El número de municipios en Chiapas con registros de pseudoescorpiones aumenta de diez a 15, de los cuales Ocosingo es el de mayor número de especies, seguido de Palenque y Villaflores.

Translated abstract

The objective of this work is to present new records of the Order Pseudoscorpiones for Chiapas. Specimens were collected under logs, in leaf litter and pitfall traps at different localities, mainly in the counties of Ocosingo and Palenque from April 2004 to November 2006. In addition the following collections were examined for more specimens, Colecciones Nacionales de Ácaros (CNAC) y Arácnidos (CNAN) del Instituto de Biología UNAM. A total of 137 pseudoscorpions were found (75 females, 36 males and 26 nymphs) from nine families, 13 genera and 15 species. Seven species are new records for Chiapas: Tyrannochthonius aff. pallidus (this is new species), Albiorix conodentatus, Albiorix mexicanus, Menthus rossi, Ideoblothrus mexicanus, Withius piger, Chelifer cancroides, and Haplochelifer philipi a new record for Mexico. The two species with the highest number of specimens and widest distributions were Ideoblothrus mexicanus with 43 specimens in three counties and Lustrochernes grossus with 35 specimens in five counties. The number of the species reported for Chiapas increase from 24 to 32 and for Mexico from 161 to 162. The number of counties in Chiapas with records of pseudoscorpions increases from 10 to 15, of which Ocosingo is the county with the greatest species number, followed by Palenque and Villaflores.

Related collections

Most cited references 32

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The phylogeny and classification of the Pseudoscorpionida (Chelicerata : Arachnida)

Harvey (1992)

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First molecular phylogeny of the major clades of Pseudoscorpiones (Arthropoda: Chelicerata).

Euan S. Harvey, Jérôme Murienne, Gonzalo Giribet (2008)

The phylogenetic relationships of the major lineages of the arachnid order Pseudoscorpiones are investigated for the first time using molecular sequence data from two nuclear ribosomal genes and one mitochondrial protein-encoding gene. The data were analyzed using a dynamic homology approach with the new program POY v.4 under parsimony as the optimality criterion. The data show monophyly of Pseudoscorpiones as well as many of its superfamilies (Feaelloidea, Chthonioidea, Cheiridioidea and Sternophoroidea), but not for Neobisiodea or Garypoidea. Cheliferoidea was not monophyletic either due to the position of Neochelanops, which grouped with some garypoids. In all the analyses, Feaelloidea constituted the sister group to all other pseudoscorpions; Chthonioidea is the sister group to the remaining families, which constitute the group Iocheirata sensu Harvey--a clade including pseudoscorpions with venom glands within the pedipalpal fingers. This phylogenetic pattern suggests that venom glands evolved just once within this order of arachnids.

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The Pseudoscorpions of Illinois

C. Clayton Hoff (1949)

Pseudoscorpions are minute animals only a few millimeters long, with the general appearance of diminutive scorpions except that they have no tails. They belong to the large phylum of joint-legged animals, the Arthropoda, and to the class Arachnida. which, in addition to the pseudoscorpions, embraces the spiders, mites, ticks, scorpions, and other related groups. Pseudoscorpions are seclusive in habit, occurring in soil cover and rotten logs, under bark, and in similar places out of doors: one species is found in houses. In their natural habitat, these little brown animals arc difficult to see. especially when they draw in their legs and "play possum." In this position they look like little specks of dirt. Probably because pseudoscorpions are inconspicuous, few collections of the group have been made in the past, and the fauna, at least of North America, and especially of the central and north-central United States, has remained scantily known. The object of this report is twofold, first to present illustrated keys and descriptions for the identification of species in this region, and, secondly, to summarize information regarding the distribution, biology, and habitat preferences of the species. As an aid in use of the keys, a section has been included on morphology, in which the structures now considered of major taxonomic importance are explained. Summarizing the distribution has been especially difficult because many identifications made prior to Chamberlin's work are probably incorrect and should be rechecked before they are cited. Because of this situation there is little accurate information to serve as a guide in foretelling what additional described species may be collected in Illinois. In order to make this report of wide application, the keys have been made to include all the genera known from the central and northeastern portions of the United States and adjacent portions of Canada.