Mummy Berry of Blueberry Caused by <i>Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi</i>: A Diagnostic Guide

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Abstract

Mummy berry is one of the most important fungal diseases of cultivated blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) worldwide causing yield losses of up to 70 to 85% and entire lot rejections. This disease is caused by the ascomycete fungus Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi and is controlled primarily using cultural practices and the prophylactic use of fungicides early in the growing season. This pathogen has multiple phases and, depending on the life cycle, varies in its difficulty to diagnose. This diagnostic guide provides details about the current taxonomy, host, geographic range, symptoms, and signs, as well as effective techniques to aid pathogen identification, evaluation, isolation, and storage for M. vaccinii-corymbosi.

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AMPLIFICATION AND DIRECT SEQUENCING OF FUNGAL RIBOSOMAL RNA GENES FOR PHYLOGENETICS

T.J White, T. Bruns, S. Lee … (1990)

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ITS primers with enhanced specificity for basidiomycetes--application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts.

M Gardes, T D Bruns (1993)

We have designed two taxon-selective primers for the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region in the nuclear ribosomal repeat unit. These primers, ITS1-F and ITS4-B, were intended to be specific to fungi and basidiomycetes, respectively. We have tested the specificity of these primers against 13 species of ascomycetes, 14 of basidiomycetes, and 15 of plants. Our results showed that ITS4-B, when paired with either a 'universal' primer ITS1 or the fungal-specific primer ITS1-F, efficiently amplified DNA from all basidiomycetes and discriminated against ascomycete DNAs. The results with plants were not as clearcut. The ITS1-F/ITS4-B primer pair produced a small amount of PCR product for certain plant species, but the quantity was in most cases less than that produced by the 'universal' ITS primers. However, under conditions where both plant and fungal DNAs were present, the fungal DNA was amplified to the apparent exclusion of plant DNA. ITS1-F/ITS4-B preferential amplification was shown to be particularly useful for detection and analysis of the basidiomycete component in ectomycorrhizae and in rust-infected tissues. These primers can be used to study the structure of ectomycorrhizal communities or the distribution of rusts on alternate hosts.

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Floral Mimicry Induced by Mummy-Berry Fungus Exploits Host's Pollinators as Vectors.

S Batra, L Batra (1985)

Leaves and shoots of blueberries(Vaccinium spp.) and huckleberries (Gaylussacia sp.) when infected by ascospores of Monilinia spp. become ultraviolet-reflective and fragrant and secrete sugars at their lesions. Insects that normally pollinate these hosts are attracted to the discolored leaves, ingest the sugars, and transmit conidia to their flowers, resulting in sclerotia (mummy-berry) formation.