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      Increasing Prevalence of Allergic Rhinitis in China

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          Abstract

          Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a critical public health, medical and economic problem in China. AR is also an important risk factor which will cause many diseases or disorders, especially in children. The trend of AR incidence is still on the rise in recent years and has had a significant effect on the general public. This significant increase is alarming, which highlights an urgent need for better understanding of the prevalence status and characteristics, sensitization patterns, and the associated risk factors of AR in order to improve treatment and develop effective prevention strategies.

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          Prevalence and rate of diagnosis of allergic rhinitis in Europe.

          V Bauchau, S. R. Durham (2004)
          To measure the prevalence of allergic rhinitis among European adults and the proportion of undiagnosed subjects, a two-step, cross-sectional, population-based survey in Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the UK was undertaken. Step one of the study involved screening for allergic rhinitis by telephone interview, based on history of symptoms and/or self-awareness of the condition. Step two undertook confirmation of allergic rhinitis in a subset of the subjects screened positive; this was performed by a clinical diagnosis conducted in three to five clinical centres per country, including specific immunoglobulin E tests and a disease-specific questionnaire. A total of 9,646 telephone interviews were conducted between February and April 2001. Self-awareness of allergic rhinitis was reported by 19% of the subjects. Physician-based diagnosis of allergic rhinitis was reported by 13% of the subjects. In step two, 725 clinical assessments were conducted between May and August 2001. A total of 411 of patients, who underwent step two, had investigator-confirmed allergic rhinitis. Among patients with investigator-confirmed allergic rhinitis, 45% had not reported a previous diagnosis by a physician. Prevalence of subjects with clinically confirmable allergic rhinitis estimated by combining step one and step two data ranged from 17% in Italy to 29% in Belgium with an overall value of 23%. This large-scale study confirms that allergic rhinitis has a high prevalence in western Europe and is frequently undiagnosed.
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            A multicentre study assessing the prevalence of sensitizations in patients with asthma and/or rhinitis in China.

            Kristin D. Zhao, Bao-Fa Sun, J-L Cao … (2009)
            The prevalence of sensitization in patients with asthma and rhinitis in mainland China remains unclear. Our aim was to estimate the prevalence of allergy in patients with respiratory allergic diseases such as asthma and/or rhinitis attending respiratory clinics within mainland China. The study also investigated regional and annual differences in the prevalence and pattern of sensitization among the patients in China. A cross-sectional survey was performed in 6304 patients suffering from asthma and/or rhinitis in 17 cities from 4 regions of China. Patients completed a standardized questionnaire asking for the presence of respiratory and allergic symptoms. They also underwent skin prick tests with 13 common aeroallergens. Among the 6304 patients, 4545 (72.1%) had at least one positive skin prick reaction. The overall prevalence of positive skin prick responses was 59.0% for Dermatophagoides farinae, 57.6% for Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, 40.7% for Blomia tropicalis, 16.1% for American cockroach, 14.0% for dog, 11.5% for Blatella germanica, 11.3% for Artemisia vulgaris, 10.3% for cat, 6.5% for Ambrosia artemisifolia, 6.3% for mixed mould I, 4.4% for mixed mould IV, 3.5% for mixed grass pollen and 2.2% for mixed tree pollen. Sensitizations to common allergens varied widely between geographical areas and demonstrated unique pattern in patients by stratification with age groups, with asthma and/or rhinitis. Severity of rhinitis and asthma was significantly correlated with skin index of reactivity to Artemisia vulgaris, Ambrosia artemisifolia and to D. pteronyssinus, D. farinae and Blomia tropicalis respectively (P < 0.001). Positive reactivity to the tested allergens and concomitant reactivity to multiple allergens including to house dust mites and Blomia tropicalis was markedly increased in patients with both asthma and rhinitis. House dust mites were the most prevalent allergens in patients with asthma and/or rhinitis in China. There were significant differences in patterns of sensitizations in patients from different geographical areas, age groups as well as asthma and/or rhinitis.
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              The recombinant allergen-based concept of component-resolved diagnostics and immunotherapy (CRD and CRIT).

              H Grönlund, B Hayek, R Valenta … (1999)
              Article 0 comments Cited 85 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Allergy Asthma Immunol Res
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Allergy Asthma Immunol Res
                Journal ID (publisher-id): AAIR
                Title: Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research
                Publisher: The Korean Academy of Asthma, Allergy and Clinical Immunology; The Korean Academy of Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Disease
                ISSN (Print): 2092-7355
                ISSN (Electronic): 2092-7363
                Publication date Collection: March 2019
                Publication date (Electronic): 28 September 2018
                Volume: 11
                Issue: 2
                Pages: 156-169
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
                [2 ]Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China.
                [3 ]Department of Allergy, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
                Author notes
                Correspondence to Luo Zhang, MD, PhD. Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, No. 17, Hougou Hutong, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100005, China. Tel: +86-10-65141136; Fax: +86-10-85115988; dr.luozhang@ 123456139.com
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1080-4267
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0910-9884
                Article
                DOI: 10.4168/aair.2019.11.2.156
                PMC ID: 6340797
                PubMed ID: 30661309
                SO-VID: a680af1e-d569-4906-acdd-2a9ee220e0fc
                Copyright © Copyright © 2019 The Korean Academy of Asthma, Allergy and Clinical Immunology • The Korean Academy of Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Disease
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 30 June 2018
                Date revision received : 16 August 2018
                Date accepted : 28 August 2018
                Funding
                Funded by: National Key R&D Program of China;
                Award ID: 2016YFC20160905200
                Funded by: National Natural Science Foundation of China, CrossRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809;
                Award ID: 81570895
                Award ID: 81420108009
                Award ID: 81400444
                Award ID: 81470678
                Award ID: 81630023
                Funded by: Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team;
                Award ID: IRT13082
                Funded by: Capital Health Development;
                Award ID: 2011-1017-06
                Award ID: 2011-1017-02
                Funded by: Sanitation Elite Reconstruction of Beijing;
                Award ID: 2009-2-007
                Funded by: Beijing Health Bureau Program for High Level Talents;
                Award ID: 2011-3-043
                Funded by: Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals, CrossRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100009601;
                Award ID: SML20150203
                Funded by: Capital Citizenry Health Program;
                Award ID: z161100000116062
                Funded by: Beijing Technology and Business University, CrossRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100005706;
                Award ID: 20181045
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Immunology
                Keywords: allergic rhinitis,prevalence,china,asthma,allergen
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Immunology
                Keywords: allergic rhinitis, prevalence, china, asthma, allergen

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