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      Soil distribution of fipronil and its metabolites originating from a seed-coated formulation.

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          Abstract

          Seed-coating with the insecticide fipronil has been intensively used in sunflower cultivation to control soil pests such as wireworms. A research project was undertaken to determine the soil distribution of fipronil and of its main phenylpyrazole metabolites. Under agronomic conditions, the quantity of fipronil in the seed-coat (437 microg/seed) decreased continuously during the cultivation period (3.9 microg day(-1) during the first two months; 0.3 microg day(-1) during the next four months). At the end of the cultivation period, 42% of all phenylpyrazole compounds remained in the seed-coat. Fipro nil was poorly mobile in soil, and at the end of the cultivation period it was mostly concentrated in the soil layer close to the seed (3240 microg kg(-1) soil). Starting from the seed-coating, a fipronil concentration gradient was measured in the soil, up to a distance of 11 cm from the seed. Degradation in the soil occurred at a moderate rate, probably due to the fact that water solubilization of the solid active ingredient present in the seed coating was rate limiting. Indeed, after 6 months of cultivation, only 51% of the fipronil seed-coating was found in the soil, about 7% having been absorbed by the sunflower plant, and 42% remaining in the seed coat. The predominant metabolites produced in the soil were sulfone-fipronil, sulfide-fipronil and amide-fipronil, which were produced at average rates of 5 microg kg(-1) soil day(-1), 3 microg kg(-1) soil day(-1), and 0.4 microg kg(-1) soil day(-1), respectively. In contrast, the photoproduct, desulfinyl-fipronil, was barely detected. All phenylpyrazole compounds were poorly mobile, except for the amide derivative, which is devoid of insecticidal activity in marked contrast to the other metabolites. Furthermore, detectable soil contamination was limited to a zone of about 11 cm around the seed.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Chemosphere
          Chemosphere
          Elsevier BV
          0045-6535
          0045-6535
          Oct 2007
          : 69
          : 7
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Equipe Pertubations Environnementales et Xénobiotiques, Laboratoire Ecologie Alpine, UMR CNRS No. 5553, Université Joseph Fourier, BP 53X, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France. muriel.raveton@ujf-grenoble.fr
          Article
          S0045-6535(07)00460-2
          10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.03.063
          17509641
          a6b6413a-565f-4ce7-a06a-4fb0a3725ac5
          History

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