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      Automedicación en estudiantes de pregrado de enfermería Translated title: Self-medication among undergraduate nursing students

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN: Introducción: La automedicación es una conducta común en la sociedad y práctica frecuente en estudiantes universitarios. Es un problema severo de salud que tiene implicaciones en la salud familiar, individual y colectiva. Objetivo Determinar las razones para la automedicación en estudiantes de enfermería de la Universidad Santiago de Cali, Colombia. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal entre 234 estudiantes de pregrado de enfermería. El estudio fue realizado, entre abril y mayo de 2020. Para el cálculo de la muestra se aplicó la fórmula estadística con un nivel de confianza de 95% y margen de error de 5% e intervalo de confianza deseado de 5%. Se utilizó un cuestionario validado, diligenciado de forma virtual y desarrollado de forma voluntaria por los estudiantes. Resultados: El 90% de los estudiantes estaban comprendidos entre los 18- 26 años; media de 21,7, mediana de 20 y moda de 19 años. El 81% fueron mujeres. El 69% de los estudiantes manifestaron automedicarse. Los analgésicos son los medicamentos de elección para la automedicación. Entre las razones para automedicación se encontró que: el 44% no cree que sea necesario consultar al médico, el 20% no tiene tiempo para asistir al médico. La fuente para obtener el medicamento es la farmacia (95%). Conclusiones La automedicación es una práctica común en los estudiantes de enfermería de primero a quinto semestre de la Universidad Santiago de Cali. Aunque se reconoce que es una práctica riesgosa, la prevalencia es alta.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT: Introduction: Self-medication is a common behavior in society and a frequent practice among university students. It is a severe health problem that affects the familiar, individual, and collective health. Objective: To determine the reasons that lead to self-medication in nursing students at the Santiago de Cali University, Colombia. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 234 undergraduate nursing students. The study was carried out between April and May 2020. To calculate the sample, we applied the statistical formula with a confidence level of 95%, a margin of error of 5%, and a desired confidence interval of 5%. We used a virtual, validated questionnaire, which the students filled out voluntarily. Results: Ninety percent of the participating students were between 18-26 years old. The mean was 21.7, while the median was 20, and the mode was 19 years. A total of 81% were women. A total of 69% of the students stated that they self-medicate. Pain relievers are the drugs of choice for self-medication. Among the reasons for self-medication, it was found that: 44% of participants do not believe that it is necessary to consult a doctor, while 20% expressed not having the time to consult with a doctor. The participants obtain the medication in the pharmacy (95%). Conclusions Self-medication is a common practice in nursing students between the first and fifth semesters of the Santiago de Cali University. Although it is recognized as a risky practice, the prevalence is high.

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          Prevalence of self-medication in the adult population of Brazil: a systematic review

          OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prevalence of self-medication in Brazil’s adult population. METHODS Systematic review of cross-sectional population-based studies. The following databases were used: Medline, Embase, Scopus, ISI, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, CRD, Lilacs, SciELO, the Banco de teses brasileiras (Brazilian theses database) (Capes) and files from the Portal Domínio Público (Brazilian Public Domain). In addition, the reference lists from relevant studies were examined to identify potentially eligible articles. There were no applied restrictions in terms of the publication date, language or publication status. Data related to publication, population, methods and prevalence of self-medication were extracted by three independent researchers. Methodological quality was assessed following eight criteria related to sampling, measurement and presentation of results. The prevalences were measured from participants who used at least one medication during the recall period of the studies. RESULTS The literature screening identified 2,778 records, from which 12 were included for analysis. Most studies were conducted in the Southeastern region of Brazil, after 2000 and with a 15-day recall period. Only five studies achieved high methodological quality, of which one study had a 7-day recall period, in which the prevalence of self-medication was 22.9% (95%CI 14.6;33.9). The prevalence of self-medication in three studies of high methodological quality with a 15-day recall period was 35.0% (95%CI 29.0;40.0, I2 = 83.9%) in the adult Brazilian population. CONCLUSIONS Despite differences in the methodologies of the included studies, the results of this systematic review indicate that a significant proportion of the adult Brazilian population self-medicates. It is suggested that future research projects that assess self-medication in Brazil standardize their methods.
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            Estudio sobre Automedicación en Población Universitaria Española

            Objetivo. La automedicación es una práctica común en diferentes sociedades que puede tener importantes implicaciones sanitarias. Esta práctica ha sido poco estudiada hasta ahora en población universitaria española. Nuestro objetivo es cuantificar esta actividad y estudiar los factores asociados a la misma. Material y método. Se diseñó y facilitó un cuestionario para su autocumplimentación a una muestra de población universitaria. Se evaluó el impacto de tres variables principales sobre la automedicación: sexo, estudios sanitarios y hábitos de información sobre medicamentos. Se emplearon en el análisis los test de Chi Cuadrado, junto a técnicas de regresión logística. Resultados. La práctica de automedicación fue confirmada en el 90,8% de los 501 individuos que contestaron correctamente la encuesta. Esta práctica fue significativamente más frecuente en mujeres. El grupo de medicamentos más frecuentemente consumido fueron los analgésicos/antiinflamatorios (consumidos por el 73% de los automedicadores). Las mujeres consumieron significativamente más anticatarrales (OR = 1,70), mientras que los hombres consumieron más antibióticos (OR = 1,88). Los individuos con hábitos de información sobre medicamentos presentaron un menor consumo de antibióticos (OR = 2,15). Conclusiones. La práctica de la automedicación es elevada en población universitaria valenciana y mayor de la reportada anteriormente en nuestro país. El sexo y los hábitos de información están asociados a la automedicación en determinados grupos de medicamentos.
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              Exploring the perceived factors that affect self-medication among nursing students: a qualitative study

              Background Self-medication is the use of one or more medications without physician’s diagnosis, opinion, or prescription and supervision, which includes the use of herbal or chemical drugs. Todays, self-medication is one of the biggest socio-health and economic problems among nursing students of various societies, including Iran, and because this issue can affected by contextual factors, this study aimed to explore the perceived factors that affect self-medication among nursing students. Methods In this qualitative study, a semi-structured interview was conducted with 11 nursing students. The transcript of each interview was reviewed several times and classified into main categories and sub-categories by content analysis. To evaluate this study, Guba and Lincoln’s four criteria, including credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability were considered for trustworthiness. Results After analyzing the qualitative content of the interviews, four main categories, including educational backgrounds, nature of the disease, access to the media, and beliefs and personal experiences, and ten subcategories, including contact with clinical environment, relative knowledge about medications, simplicity of the disease, recurrence of the disease, influence of the media, use of the internet, believing in own knowledge, positive experiences of traditional medicine, and using own and others’ experiences, were extracted. Conclusions It seems that, having a relative awareness about various diseases and medications, which is sometimes associated with taking a few educational courses with an internship, creates a false confidence in student for self-medication and prescribing drugs to others. It would be beneficial if the education system and associated tutors could inform the students about the possible consequences of this issue. By knowing the internal and subjective factors that influence the self-medication, this arbitrary practice can be largely prevented.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                eg
                Enfermería Global
                Enferm. glob.
                Universidad de Murcia (Murcia, Murcia, Spain )
                1695-6141
                2022
                : 21
                : 66
                : 274-301
                Affiliations
                [1] Santiago de Cali Valle del Cauca orgnameUniversidad Santiago de Cali Colombia mariecas07@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                S1695-61412022000200274 S1695-6141(22)02106600274
                10.6018/eglobal.487901
                a7060395-dc9d-4509-bb44-ab684ad5b200

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 29 July 2021
                : 17 November 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 33, Pages: 28
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
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                self-care,enfermería,estudiantes,automedicación,salud pública,autocuidado,nursing,students,self-medication,public health

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