13
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: not found

      The Fetal Hypothalamus Has the Potential to Generate Cells with a Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Phenotype

      research-article

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPMC
      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Background

          Neurospheres (NS) are colonies of neural stem and precursor cells capable of differentiating into the central nervous system (CNS) cell lineages upon appropriate culture conditions: neurons, and glial cells. NS were originally derived from the embryonic and adult mouse striatum subventricular zone. More recently, experimental evidence substantiated the isolation of NS from almost any region of the CNS, including the hypothalamus.

          Methodology/Findings

          Here we report a protocol that enables to generate large quantities of NS from both fetal and adult rat hypothalami. We found that either FGF-2 or EGF were capable of inducing NS formation from fetal hypothalamic cultures, but that only FGF-2 is effective in the adult cultures. The hypothalamic-derived NS are capable of differentiating into neurons and glial cells and most notably, as demonstrated by immunocytochemical detection with a specific anti-GnRH antibody, the fetal cultures contain cells that exhibit a GnRH phenotype upon differentiation.

          Conclusions/Significance

          This in vitro model should be useful to study the molecular mechanisms involved in GnRH neuronal differentiation.

          Related collections

          Most cited references32

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Generation of neurons and astrocytes from isolated cells of the adult mammalian central nervous system.

          Neurogenesis in the mammalian central nervous system is believed to end in the period just after birth; in the mouse striatum no new neurons are produced after the first few days after birth. In this study, cells isolated from the striatum of the adult mouse brain were induced to proliferate in vitro by epidermal growth factor. The proliferating cells initially expressed nestin, an intermediate filament found in neuroepithelial stem cells, and subsequently developed the morphology and antigenic properties of neurons and astrocytes. Newly generated cells with neuronal morphology were immunoreactive for gamma-aminobutyric acid and substance P, two neurotransmitters of the adult striatum in vivo. Thus, cells of the adult mouse striatum have the capacity to divide and differentiate into neurons and astrocytes.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Neurogenesis in the hypothalamus of adult mice: potential role in energy balance.

            Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) induces weight loss in obese rodents and humans, and for reasons that are not understood, its effects persist after the cessation of treatment. Here we demonstrate that centrally administered CNTF induces cell proliferation in feeding centers of the murine hypothalamus. Many of the newborn cells express neuronal markers and show functional phenotypes relevant for energy-balance control, including a capacity for leptin-induced phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Coadministration of the mitotic blocker cytosine-beta-d-arabinofuranoside (Ara-C) eliminates the proliferation of neural cells and abrogates the long-term, but not the short-term, effect of CNTF on body weight. These findings link the sustained effect of CNTF on energy balance to hypothalamic neurogenesis and suggest that regulated hypothalamic neurogenesis in adult mice may play a previously unappreciated role in physiology and disease.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Retinal stem cells in the adult mammalian eye.

              The mature mammalian retina is thought to lack regenerative capacity. Here, we report the identification of a stem cell in the adult mouse eye, which represents a possible substrate for retinal regeneration. Single pigmented ciliary margin cells clonally proliferate in vitro to form sphere colonies of cells that can differentiate into retinal-specific cell types, including rod photoreceptors, bipolar neurons, and Müller glia. Adult retinal stem cells are localized to the pigmented ciliary margin and not to the central and peripheral retinal pigmented epithelium, indicating that these cells may be homologous to those found in the eye germinal zone of other nonmammalian vertebrates.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                PLoS ONE
                plos
                plosone
                PLoS ONE
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, USA )
                1932-6203
                2009
                6 February 2009
                : 4
                : 2
                : e4392
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
                [2 ]Jules Gonin Eye Hospital, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
                [3 ]Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
                [4 ]Laboratoire d'Histologie, EA 3922, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Besançon, France
                The University of Queensland, Australia
                Author notes

                Conceived and designed the experiments: RS. Performed the experiments: RS mG JPR MJV. Analyzed the data: RS YA RCG PYR FPP. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: PYR. Wrote the paper: RS YA FPP.

                Article
                08-PONE-RA-05464R1
                10.1371/journal.pone.0004392
                2633049
                19197372
                a738fe86-cc41-45fb-9ef7-6039f2cb36b4
                Salvi et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
                History
                : 10 July 2008
                : 16 December 2008
                Page count
                Pages: 9
                Categories
                Research Article
                Cell Biology/Cell Growth and Division
                Cell Biology/Neuronal and Glial Cell Biology
                Neuroscience/Neuronal and Glial Cell Biology
                Diabetes and Endocrinology/Neuroendocrinology and Pituitary

                Uncategorized
                Uncategorized

                Comments

                Comment on this article