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      Prevalence Comparison of Past-year Mental Disorders and Suicidal Behaviours in the Canadian Armed Forces and the Canadian General Population

      , , ,
      The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry
      SAGE Publications

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          Abstract

          Military personnel in Canada and elsewhere have been found to have higher rates of certain mental disorders relative to their corresponding general populations. However, published Canadian data have only adjusted for age and sex differences between the populations. Additional differences in the sociodemographic composition, labour force characteristics, and childhood trauma exposure in the populations could be driving these prevalence differences. Our objective is to compare the prevalence of past-year mental disorders and suicidal behaviours in the Canadian Armed Forces Regular Force with the rates in a representative, matched sample of Canadians in the general population (CGP).

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          Most cited references23

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          Concordance of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview Version 3.0 (CIDI 3.0) with standardized clinical assessments in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys

          The DSM‐IV diagnoses generated by the fully structured lay‐administered Composite International Diagnostic Interview Version 3.0 (CIDI 3.0) in the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) surveys were compared to diagnoses based on follow‐up interviews with the clinician‐administered non‐patient edition of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV (SCID) in probability subsamples of the WMH surveys in France, Italy, Spain, and the US. CIDI cases were oversampled. The clinical reappraisal samples were weighted to adjust for this oversampling. Separate samples were assessed for lifetime and 12‐month prevalence. Moderate to good individual‐level CIDI‐SCID concordance was found for lifetime prevalence estimates of most disorders. The area under the ROC curve (AUC, a measure of classification accuracy that is not influenced by disorder prevalence) was 0.76 for the dichotomous classification of having any of the lifetime DSM‐IV anxiety, mood and substance disorders assessed in the surveys and in the range 0.62–0.93 for individual disorders, with an inter‐quartile range (IQR) of 0.71–0.86. Concordance increased when CIDI symptom‐level data were added to predict SCID diagnoses in logistic regression equations. AUC for individual disorders in these equations was in the range 0.74–0.99, with an IQR of 0.87–0.96. CIDI lifetime prevalence estimates were generally conservative relative to SCID estimates. CIDI‐SCID concordance for 12‐month prevalence estimates could be studied powerfully only for two disorder classes, any anxiety disorder (AUC = 0.88) and any mood disorder (AUC = 0.83). As with lifetime prevalence, 12‐month concordance improved when CIDI symptom‐level data were added to predict SCID diagnoses. CIDI 12‐month prevalence estimates were unbiased relative to SCID estimates. The validity of the CIDI is likely to be under‐estimated in these comparisons due to the fact that the reliability of the SCID diagnoses, which is presumably less than perfect, sets a ceiling on maximum CIDI‐SCID concordance. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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            Child abuse and mental disorders in Canada.

            Nationally representative Canadian data on the prevalence of child abuse and its relation with mental disorders are lacking. We used contemporary, nationally representative data to examine the prevalence of 3 types of child abuse (physical abuse, sexual abuse and exposure to intimate partner violence) and their association with 14 mental conditions, including suicidal ideation and suicide attempts.
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              Measurement of victimization in adolescence: development and validation of the Childhood Experiences of Violence Questionnaire.

              This study presents evaluative data on the Childhood Experiences of Violence Questionnaire (CEVQ), a brief, self-report measure of youth victimization. Literature reviews, expert consultations and qualitative interviews informed the development of the CEVQ. Test-retest reliability of the preliminary and final versions of the CEVQ was examined. Child welfare workers (n=11) assessed content validity. Construct validity was assessed by comparing levels of emotional and behavioral problems of youth with self-reports (n=177) of victimization. Criterion validity was tested by comparing clinicians' judgment of child physical abuse (PA) and child sexual abuse (SA) with youths' self-reports (n=93). In general, test-retest intra-class correlations (ICCs) for the preliminary version of the questionnaire were good to excellent. Reliability estimates for the stem questions in the final version of the CEVQ were excellent, except for peer violence items which showed fair to good agreement. ICCs for PA, severe PA, SA, and severe SA of the CEVQ were .85, .77, .92, and .87, respectively. Youth with self-reported victimization had significantly higher scores for most categories of emotional and behavioral disorders. Experts classified victimization items as relevant. Kappa coefficients comparing clinician's judgments and youth's self-reports for PA, severe PA, SA, and severe SA were .67, .64, .70, and .50, respectively. The present findings provide preliminary evidence that the CEVQ is a brief, reliable, valid and informative instrument for assessing exposure to victimization and maltreatment among youth. Although this instrument is not appropriate for clinical use at this time, its psychometric properties will make it useful in conducting further epidemiological research and studies evaluating interventions aimed at reducing victimization.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry
                Can J Psychiatry
                SAGE Publications
                0706-7437
                1497-0015
                March 16 2016
                March 16 2016
                : 61
                : 1_suppl
                : 46S-55S
                Article
                10.1177/0706743716628856
                4800476
                27270741
                a73ff053-4841-4074-8d8c-56ef317f4a55
                © 2016
                History

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