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      Impact of COVID-19 on Anxiety, Stress, and Coping Styles in Nurses in Emergency Departments and Fever Clinics: A Cross-Sectional Survey

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          Abstract

          Background

          During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, emergency departments and fever clinics nurses acted as gatekeepers to the health care system. To manage the psychological problems that these nurses experience, we should develop appropriate training and intervention programs.

          Objective

          To identify the impact of COVID-19 on the psychology of Chinese nurses in emergency departments and fever clinics and to identify associated factors.

          Methods

          This online cross-sectional study recruited participants through snowball sampling between 13 February and 20 February 2020. Nurses self-administered the online questionnaires, including a general information questionnaire, the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, the Perceived Stress Scale-14, and the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire.

          Results

          We obtained 481 responses, of which 453 were valid, an effective response rate of 94.18%. Participants who had the following characteristics had more mental health problems: female gender, fear of infection among family members, regretting being a nurse, less rest time, more night shifts, having children, lack of confidence in fighting transmission, not having emergency protection training, and negative professional attitude.

          Conclusion

          Effective measures are necessary to preserve mental health of nurses in emergency departments and fever clinics. These include strengthening protective training, reducing night shifts, ensuring adequate rest time, and timely updating the latest pandemic situation.

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          Most cited references43

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          A Global Measure of Perceived Stress

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            [The epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) in China].

            (2020)
            Objective: An outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China has spread quickly nationwide. Here, we report results of a descriptive, exploratory analysis of all cases diagnosed as of February 11, 2020. Methods: All COVID-19 cases reported through February 11, 2020 were extracted from China's Infectious Disease Information System. Analyses included: 1) summary of patient characteristics; 2) examination of age distributions and sex ratios; 3) calculation of case fatality and mortality rates; 4) geo-temporal analysis of viral spread; 5) epidemiological curve construction; and 6) subgroup analysis. Results: A total of 72 314 patient records-44 672 (61.8%) confirmed cases, 16 186 (22.4%) suspected cases, 10567 (14.6%) clinical diagnosed cases (Hubei only), and 889 asymptomatic cases (1.2%)-contributed data for the analysis. Among confirmed cases, most were aged 30-79 years (86.6%), diagnosed in Hubei (74.7%), and considered mild (80.9%). A total of 1 023 deaths occurred among confirmed cases for an overall case-fatality rate of 2.3%. The COVID-19 spread outward from Hubei sometime after December 2019 and by February 11, 2020, 1 386 counties across all 31 provinces were affected. The epidemic curve of onset of symptoms peaked in January 23-26, then began to decline leading up to February 11. A total of 1 716 health workers have become infected and 5 have died (0.3%). Conclusions: The COVID-19 epidemic has spread very quickly. It only took 30 days to expand from Hubei to the rest of Mainland China. With many people returning from a long holiday, China needs to prepare for the possible rebound of the epidemic.
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              Understanding and Addressing Sources of Anxiety Among Health Care Professionals During the COVID-19 Pandemic

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Risk Manag Healthc Policy
                Risk Manag Healthc Policy
                rmhp
                rmhp
                Risk Management and Healthcare Policy
                Dove
                1179-1594
                15 February 2021
                2021
                : 14
                : 585-594
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Nursing, Nantong Health College of Jiangsu Province , Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
                [2 ]Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao City, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
                [3 ]Department of Nursing, Navy Medical University , Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
                [4 ]Department of Nursing, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People’s Liberation Army , Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, People’s Republic of China
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Jing Chu Department of Nursing, Navy Medical University , 800 Xiang Yin Road, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-21-8187 1483 Email chujing1999@smmu.edu.cn
                Meijuan Qian Department of Nursing, Nantong Health College of Jiangsu Province , 288 Zhen Xing Dong Road, Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China Email 158142474@qq.com
                [*]

                These authors contributed equally to this work

                Article
                289782
                10.2147/RMHP.S289782
                7894802
                33623449
                a752e390-5978-4892-9878-a8df0defcf39
                © 2021 Cui et al.

                This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms ( https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php).

                History
                : 31 October 2020
                : 18 January 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 5, References: 44, Pages: 10
                Funding
                Funded by: Health Bureau of the Logistics Support Department of the Central Military Commission;
                Funded by: Youth Fund Project of Nantong Health Commission;
                This study was supported by the Health Bureau of the Logistics Support Department of the Central Military Commission (grant number 20WQ010) and the Youth Fund Project of Nantong Health Commission (grant number QB2019011) provided financial support. The funding entities had no role in the study’s design, the collection, analysis, the interpretation of data, or the writing of the manuscript.
                Categories
                Original Research

                Social policy & Welfare
                covid-19,nurses,psychological health,mental health,stress,anxiety
                Social policy & Welfare
                covid-19, nurses, psychological health, mental health, stress, anxiety

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