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      Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) field trial targeting the suppression of Aedes albopictus in Greece Translated title: Essai sur le terrain de la Technique de l’Insecte Stérile (TIS) ciblant la suppression d’ Aedes albopictus en Grèce

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          Abstract

          The sterile insect technique (SIT) involves releasing large numbers of sterile males to outcompete wild males in mating with females, leading to a decline in pest populations. In the current study, we conducted a suppression trial in Greece against the invasive dengue vector mosquito Aedes albopictus (Skuse) through the weekly release of sterile males for 22 weeks from June to September 2019. Our approach included the long-distance transport of sterile mosquitoes, and their release at a density of 2,547 ± 159 sterile males per hectare per week as part of an area-wide integrated pest management strategy (AW-IPM). The repeated releases of sterile males resulted in a gradual reduction in egg density, reaching 78% from mid-June to early September. This reduction remained between 70% and 78% for four weeks after the end of the releases. Additionally, in the SIT intervention area, the ovitrap index, representing the percentage of traps containing eggs, remained lower throughout the trial than in the control area. This trial represents a significant advance in the field of mosquito control, as it explores the viability and efficacy of producing and transporting sterile males from a distant facility to the release area. Our results provide valuable insights for future SIT programmes targeting Ae. Albopictus, and the methodology we employed can serve as a starting point for developing more refined and effective release protocols, including the transportation of sterile males over long distances from production units to intervention areas.

          Translated abstract

          La technique de l’insecte stérile (TIS) consiste à libérer un grand nombre de mâles stériles pour supplanter les mâles sauvages lors de l’accouplement avec les femelles, entraînant ainsi un déclin des populations de nuisibles. Dans la présente étude, nous avons mené un essai de suppression en Grèce contre le moustique vecteur invasif de la dengue, Aedes albopictus (Skuse), par le biais de la libération hebdomadaire de mâles stériles pendant 22 semaines de juin à septembre 2019. Notre approche comprenait le transport sur de longues distances de moustiques stériles, et leur lâcher à une densité de 2 547 ± 159 mâles stériles par hectare et par semaine dans le cadre d’une stratégie de lutte intégrée contre les nuisibles à l’échelle de la zone (AW-IPM). Les lâchers répétés de mâles stériles ont entraîné une réduction progressive de la densité des œufs, atteignant 78 % de la mi-juin au début septembre. Cette réduction est restée entre 70 % et 78 % pendant quatre semaines après la fin des lâchers. De plus, dans la zone d’intervention de la TIS, l’indice d’oviposition, représentant le pourcentage de pièges contenant des œufs, est resté plus faible que dans la zone témoin tout au long de l’essai. Cet essai représente une avancée significative dans le domaine de la lutte contre les moustiques, car il explore la viabilité et l’efficacité de la production et du transport de mâles stériles depuis une installation éloignée vers la zone de lâcher. Nos résultats fournissent des informations précieuses pour les futurs programmes de TIS ciblant Ae. albopictus et la méthodologie que nous avons utilisée pourra servir de point de départ pour développer des protocoles de libération plus raffinés et plus efficaces, y compris le transport de mâles stériles sur de longues distances depuis les unités de production jusqu’aux zones d’intervention.

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          Incompatible and sterile insect techniques combined eliminate mosquitoes

          The radiation-based sterile insect technique (SIT) has successfully suppressed field populations of several insect pest species, but its effect on mosquito vector control has been limited. The related incompatible insect technique (IIT)-which uses sterilization caused by the maternally inherited endosymbiotic bacteria Wolbachia-is a promising alternative, but can be undermined by accidental release of females infected with the same Wolbachia strain as the released males. Here we show that combining incompatible and sterile insect techniques (IIT-SIT) enables near elimination of field populations of the world's most invasive mosquito species, Aedes albopictus. Millions of factory-reared adult males with an artificial triple-Wolbachia infection were released, with prior pupal irradiation of the released mosquitoes to prevent unintentionally released triply infected females from successfully reproducing in the field. This successful field trial demonstrates the feasibility of area-wide application of combined IIT-SIT for mosquito vector control.
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            Efficient production of male Wolbachia-infected Aedes aegypti mosquitoes enables large-scale suppression of wild populations

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              Suitability of European climate for the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus: recent trends and future scenarios

              The Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus) is an invasive species that has the potential to transmit infectious diseases such as dengue and chikungunya fever. Using high-resolution observations and regional climate model scenarios for the future, we investigated the suitability of Europe for A. albopictus using both recent climate and future climate conditions. The results show that southern France, northern Italy, the northern coast of Spain, the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea and western Turkey were climatically suitable areas for the establishment of the mosquito during the 1960–1980s. Over the last two decades, climate conditions have become more suitable for the mosquito over central northwestern Europe (Benelux, western Germany) and the Balkans, while they have become less suitable over southern Spain. Similar trends are likely in the future, with an increased risk simulated over northern Europe and slightly decreased risk over southern Europe. These distribution shifts are related to wetter and warmer conditions favouring the overwintering of A. albopictus in the north, and drier and warmer summers that might limit its southward expansion.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Parasite
                Parasite
                parasite
                Parasite
                EDP Sciences
                1252-607X
                1776-1042
                2024
                26 March 2024
                : 31
                : 17
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Scientific Directorate of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute 14561 Kifissia Greece
                [2 ] Centro Agricoltura Ambiente “G. Nicoli” 40014 Crevalcore Italy
                [3 ] Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture Seibersdorf A-2444 Vienna Austria
                [4 ] Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly 38446 Magnisias Greece
                [5 ] Laboratory of Applied Zoology and Parasitology (Entomology), School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki 54124 Thessaloniki Greece
                [6 ] ASTRE, CIRAD 34398 Montpellier France
                [7 ] ASTRE, Cirad, INRAE, Univ. Montpellier, Plateforme Technologique CYROI Sainte-Clotilde La Réunion France
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author: a.michaelakis@ 123456bpi.gr
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9336-9111
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0524-0180
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2480-8189
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5542-0470
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1913-416X
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3075-5020
                Article
                parasite230170 10.1051/parasite/2024020
                10.1051/parasite/2024020
                10964849
                38530210
                a7540271-aa13-4622-9be0-67b81705ea7b
                © G. Balatsos et al., published by EDP Sciences, 2024

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 23 November 2023
                : 06 March 2024
                Page count
                Figures: 6, Tables: 5, Equations: 1, References: 38, Pages: 11
                Funding
                Funded by: International Atomic Energy Agency, doi 10.13039/501100004493;
                Award ID: IAEA RER5022 (2061784)
                Funded by: Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, doi 10.13039/100010661;
                Award ID: INFRAVEC2 - 731060
                Funded by: LIFE programme, doi 10.13039/100013288;
                Award ID: LIFE CONOPS - LIFE12 ENV/GR/000466
                Categories
                Research Article

                egg density,egg hatching rates,sterile male insect transportation,mosquito borne diseases,public health

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