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      Motor competence difficulties and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among secondary students Translated title: Problemas de competência motora e transtorno do déficit de atenção e hiperatividade (TDAH) em estudantes do ensino médio Translated title: Problemas de competencia motriz y el trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH) entre los estudiantes de Secundaria

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT A high proportion of children with Attention problems (ADHD) experience motor competence problems. The present study sought to compare the motor competence between a group of ADHD students and a normative sample before and after controlling for motor coordination problems, and check if there are differences between the group with ADHD and the group with DT, depending on the presence or not of the DCD concurrent with the ADHD A total of 22 children with ADHD combined type (ADHD-CT; 12-13 years, SD 0.7, 16 males, 6 females) and 23 age-matched typically developing children with no movement difficulties (12-13 years, SD 0.7 16 males, 7 females) participated in this study. Motor coordination was measured using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2nd Edition (MABC-2). ADHD symptoms were assessed by the school’s Department of Psychology.The ADHD diagnosis is based on diagnostic criteria established by the Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5), and the application of the following behavioral scales and evaluation of executive functions have been followed: Child Behavior Checklist for ages; Behavior Ratting Inventory of Executive Functions (BRIEF); Scales for the Evaluation of ADHD (EDAH). Based on the MABC-2 score (percentile score ≤ 5th), ADHD children were classified into two groups: co-occurring DCD/ADHD and ADHD group. Results showed that children with ADHD and typically developing (TD) children showed big individual differences on all motor skill areas and on overall percentile scores. Thirteen children with ADHD were delayed, and three were at risk for motor delays. Only four TD children were at risk for motor delays. DCD/ADHD group scored significantly lower than the TD group across all motor skill areas, while ADHD group scored lower than the TD group only on manual dexterity.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMO Uma alta proporção de crianças com problemas de atenção (TDAH) tem problemas de competência motora. O presente estudo buscou comparar a competência motora entre um grupo de alunos com TDAH e uma amostra normativa antes e após o controle de problemas de coordenação motora, e verifique se há diferenças entre o grupo com TDAH e o grupo com DT, dependendo da presença ou não do TDC concomitante ao TDAH Um total de 22 crianças com TDAH do tipo combinado (ADHD-CT; 12-13 anos, DT 0.7, 16 homens, 6 mulheres) e 23 crianças com idade de desenvolvimento típico sem dificuldades de movimento (12-13 anos, DT 0.7, 16 homens, 7 mulheres) participaram deste estudo. A coordenação motora foi medida usando a Bateria de Avaliação de Movimento para Crianças - 2ª Edição (MABC-2). Sintomas de TDAH foram avaliados pelo Departamento de Psicologia da escola. Para tanto, foram seguidos os critérios diagnósticos estabelecidos no Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais, quinta edição (DSM-5), e a aplicação das seguintes escalas comportamentais e avaliação das funções executivas: Comportamento Infantil Lista de verificação para idades; Comportamento Ratting Inventory of Executive Functions (BRIEF); Escalas para a avaliação do TDAH (EDAH). Com base no escore MABC-2 (escore percentual ≤ 5), as crianças com TDAH foram classificadas em dois grupos: grupo com DCD / TDAH e TDAH Os resultados mostraram que crianças com TDAH e crianças com desenvolvimento típico (DT) apresentaram grandes diferenças individuais em todas as áreas de habilidades motoras e nos escores percentuais gerais. Treze crianças com TDAH foram atrasadas e três correram risco de atrasos motores. Apenas quatro crianças com DT estavam em risco de atrasos motores. DCD / ADHD grupo marcou significativamente menor do que o grupo TD em todas as áreas de habilidades motoras, enquanto o grupo TDAH marcou menos do que o grupo TD apenas na destreza manual.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMEN Existe una alta proporción de niños en los que coexisten los problemas de atención e hiperactividad, con bajos niveles de competencia motriz. El presente estudio, busca comparar los niveles de competencia motriz entre un grupo de niños con diagnóstico por Trastorno por Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad (TDAH) y un grupo con desarrollo típico (DT), y comprobar si hay diferencias entre el grupo con TDAH y el grupo con DT, en función de la presencia o no del TDC concurrente con el TDAH Un total de 22 niños con TDAH, subtipo combinado (TDAH-TC; 12 a 13 años, DT 0.7 16 varones, 6 mujeres) y 23 niños con desarrollo típico, sin dificultades de movimiento (12 a 13 años, DT 0.7,16 hombres y 7 mujeres), participaron en este estudio. La coordinación motora o competencia motriz, fue evaluada a través de la Batería de Evaluación del Movimiento para niños ABC-Movement, en su 2ª edición (MABC-2). El diagnóstico de TDAH, procede del Departamento de Orientación y Psicología del Centro Educativo del que proceden los niños evaluados. Para ello, se han seguido los criterios de diagnóstico que establece el Manual diagnóstico y estadístico de los trastornos mentales, quinta edición (DSM-5), y la aplicación de las siguientes escalas de comportamiento, y de evaluación de las funciones ejecutivas: Child Behavior Checklist for ages; Behavior Ratting Inventory of Executive Functions (BRIEF); Escalas para la Evaluación del TDAH (EDAH). Los resultados mostraron que, aquellos niños con TDAH, obtuvieron valores más bajos en el test de evaluación, que aquellos que mostraban un desarrollo típico. Además, en el grupo de niños con TDAH, se determinó que 13 de ellos, presentaban problemas en el desarrollo de la coordinación.

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          Annual research review: A meta-analysis of the worldwide prevalence of mental disorders in children and adolescents.

          The literature on the prevalence of mental disorders affecting children and adolescents has expanded significantly over the last three decades around the world. Despite the field having matured significantly, there has been no meta-analysis to calculate a worldwide-pooled prevalence and to empirically assess the sources of heterogeneity of estimates.
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            How specific is a deficit of executive functioning for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder?

            A selective review of research in the executive functioning (EF) is given for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), conduct disorder (CD), higher functioning autism (HFA) and Tourette syndrome. The review is restricted due to changes in the classification of the disorder in recent years and secondly the heterogeneity of EF is restricted to five key areas of concern, inhibition, set shifting, working memory, planning, and fluency. The review makes clear that there are strong differences between child psychopathological groups and controls on these EFs. However, future research will be needed to identify an EF deficit or profile, which is specific for these disorders.
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              The comorbidity of ADHD in the general population of Swedish school-age children.

              This study examined patterns of comorbid/associated diagnoses and associated problems in a population sample of children with and without DSM-III-R attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Half (N = 409) of a mainstream school population of Swedish 7-year-olds were clinically examined, and parents and teachers were interviewed and completed questionnaires. The children were followed up 2-4 years later. Eighty-seven per cent of children meeting full criteria for ADHD (N = 15) had one or more and 67% at least two--comorbid diagnoses. The most common comorbidities were oppositional defiant disorder and developmental coordination disorder. Children with subthreshold ADHD (N = 42) also had very high rates of comorbid diagnoses (71% and 36%), whereas those without ADHD (N = 352) had much lower rates (17% and 3%). The rate of associated school adjustment, learning, and behaviour problems at follow-up was very high in the ADHD groups. We concluded that pure ADHD is rare even in a general population sample. Thus, studies reporting on ADHD cases without comorbidity probably refer to highly atypical samples. By and large, such studies cannot inform rational clinical decisions.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                cpd
                Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte
                CPD
                Universidad de Murcia (Murcia, Región de Murcia, Spain )
                1578-8423
                1989-5879
                August 2020
                : 20
                : 2
                : 47-62
                Affiliations
                [1] orgnameUniversidad Politénica de Madrid orgdiv1Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Spain
                Article
                S1578-84232020000200005 S1578-8423(20)02000200005
                a75611fc-b26d-4f80-b38e-6bbaf4be3ffa

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 28 January 2019
                : 08 March 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 85, Pages: 16
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                SciELO Spain


                Adolescencia,Adolescência,Hiperatividade,Atenção,Coordenação,Hiperactividad,Atención,Coordinación,Adolescence,Hyperactivity,Attention,Coordination

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