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Abstract
This article reviews the current state of empirical research on the purported "new
wave" of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). A particular emphasis is given to mindfulness-based
treatments and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT). Mindfulness-based approaches
and ACT are evaluated with regard to their efficacy and comparison with traditional
CBT. Deviations from CBT are explained within the context of theory, specifically
in terms of the role of cognitions. These differences, however, are not irreconcilable
in requiring a separate classification of "new wave" treatments. While subtle and
important differences on the theoretical and procedural level might exist, available
data do not favor one treatment over another, and do not suggest differential mechanisms
of action that warrant a dramatic separation from the CBT family of approaches. Instead,
the "new wave" treatments are consistent with the CBT approach, which refers to a
family of interventions rather than a single treatment. Thus, the term "new wave"
is potentially misleading because it is not an accurate reflection of the contemporary
literature.