20
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Ability to use oral fluid and fingerstick HIV self-testing (HIVST) among South African MSM

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Background

          HIV self-testing (HIVST) may increase HIV testing uptake, facilitating earlier treatment for key populations like MSM who experience barriers accessing clinic-based HIV testing. HIVST usability among African MSM has not been explored.

          Methods

          We assessed usability of oral fluid (OF) and fingerstick (FS; blood) HIVST kits during three phases among MSM with differing degrees of HIVST familiarity in Mpumalanga, South Africa. In 2015, 24 HIVST-naïve MSM conducted counselor-observed OF and FS HIVST after brief demonstration. In 2016 and 2017, 45 and 64 MSM with experience using HIVST in a pilot study chose one HIVST to conduct with a counselor-observer present. In addition to written, the latter group had access to video instructions. We assessed frequency of user errors and reported test use ease, changes in error frequency by phase, and covariates associated with correct usage using log-Poisson and Gaussian generalized estimating equations.

          Results

          Among OF users (n = 57), 15–30% committed errors in each phase; however, observers consistently rated participants as able to test alone. Among FS users (n = 100), observers noted frequent errors, most commonly related to blood collection and delivery. We found suggestive evidence (not reaching statistical significance) that user errors decreased, with 37.5%, to 28.1%, and 18.2% committing errors in phases I, II, and III, respectively ( p-value:0.08), however observer concerns remained constant. Ease and confidence using HIVST increased with HIV testing experience. Participants using three HIVST were more likely (RR:1.92, 95% CI:1.32, 2.80) to report ease compared to those without prior HIVST experience. Never testers (RR:0.66, 95% CI:0.44–0.99) reported less ease performing HIVST compared to participants testing in the past six months.

          Conclusions

          MSM were able to perform the OF test. Fingerstick test performance was less consistent; however preference for fingerstick was strong and performance may improve with exposure and instructional resources. Continued efforts to provide accessible instructions are paramount.

          Related collections

          Most cited references18

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: found
          Is Open Access

          Community-based strategies to strengthen men’s engagement in the HIV care cascade in sub-Saharan Africa

          Monica Sharma and colleagues discuss evidence-based approaches to improving HIV services for men in sub-Saharan Africa.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: found
            Is Open Access

            Men “missing” from population-based HIV testing: insights from qualitative research

            Men’s uptake of HIV testing is critical to the success of “test and treat” strategies in generalized epidemics. This study sought to identify cultural factors and community processes that influence men’s HIV testing uptake in the baseline year of an ongoing test-and-treat trial among 334,479 persons in eastern Africa (SEARCH, NCT#01864603). Data were collected using participant observation at mobile community health campaigns (CHCs) (n = 28); focus group discussions (n = 8 groups) with CHC participants; and in-depth interviews with care providers (n = 50), leaders (n = 32), and members (n = 112) of eight communities in Kenya and Uganda. An 8-person research team defined analytical codes and iteratively refined them during data collection using grounded theoretical approaches, and textual data were coded using Atlas.ti software. Structural and cultural barriers, including men’s mobility and gender norms valorizing risk-taking and discouraging health-seeking behavior, were observed, and contributed to men’s lower participation in HIV testing relative to women. Men’s labor opportunities often require extended absences from households: during planting season, men guarded fields from monkeys from dawn until nightfall; lake fishermen traveled long distances and circulated between beaches. Men often tested “by proxy”, believing their wives’ HIV test results to be their status. Debates about HIV risks were vigorous, with many men questioning “traditional” masculine gender norms that enhanced risks. The promise of antiretroviral therapy (ART) to prolong health was a motivating factor for many men to participate in testing. Flexibility in operating hours of HIV testing including late evening and weekend times along with multiple convenient locations that moved were cited as facilitating factors enhancing male participating in HIV testing. Mobile testing reduced but did not eliminate barriers to men’s participation in a large-scale “test & treat” effort. However, transformations in gender norms related to HIV testing and care-seeking are underway in eastern Africa and should be supported.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              A Global Review of HIV Self-testing: Themes and Implications.

              HIV self-test kits may have the potential to increase testing rates around the globe, and thereby lead to reductions in HIV-related incidence and mortality. However, the effectiveness of these self-test kits and the issues surrounding self-testing have been greatly debated in recent years. We conducted a literature review on the acceptability, feasibility, and effectiveness of HIV self-testing (HST) around the world. Of the 28 articles abstracted, several themes of HST were explored, including behavioral risk compensation, presence of counseling, uses of HST, ability to perform the self-test, sensitivity and specificity, concordance with confirmatory testing, perceptions surrounding HST, instruction and supervision, and cost. Overall, this literature review found that this diverse group of participants generally performed HST correctly with a few exceptions, were accepting of the test if available at a relatively low cost, and preferred the oral-based HST over the blood-based test.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Funding acquisitionRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Writing – original draft
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Project administrationRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Funding acquisitionRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: ResourcesRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: InvestigationRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: MethodologyRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Data curationRole: Project administrationRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Data curationRole: Project administrationRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Project administrationRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: InvestigationRole: Project administrationRole: ResourcesRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                PLoS One
                PLoS ONE
                plos
                plosone
                PLoS ONE
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                1932-6203
                8 November 2018
                2018
                : 13
                : 11
                : e0206849
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
                [2 ] Anova Health Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa
                [3 ] Center for Public Health Research, San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, California, United States of America
                [4 ] School of Public Health & Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
                New York Blood Center, UNITED STATES
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: Test kit manufacturers Atomo Diagnostics and OraSure Technologies, Inc. donated test kits to the research study, but did not provide any additional funding and had no input into the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3152-9372
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7189-6201
                Article
                PONE-D-18-16489
                10.1371/journal.pone.0206849
                6224086
                30408055
                a75b8a44-85df-4be8-a4bb-8afd4029c374
                © 2018 Lippman et al

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 1 June 2018
                : 19 October 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 3, Pages: 14
                Funding
                Funded by: funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000025, National Institute of Mental Health;
                Award ID: R21MH103038
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000030, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention;
                Award ID: U2GHH000251
                Award Recipient : Tim E Lane
                This research was supported by a grant from the National Institutes of Health ( www.nih.gov; R21MH103038 to SAL) and in part by the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief through the US Department of Health and Human Services and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention South Africa Country Office under the terms of a Cooperative Agreement ( www.cdc.gov; U2GHH000251 to TEL). HIV self-testing kits were donated by Atomo Diagnostics and OraSure Technologies, Inc. The funders and test kit donors had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
                Categories
                Research Article
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Microbiology
                Medical Microbiology
                Microbial Pathogens
                Viral Pathogens
                Immunodeficiency Viruses
                HIV
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
                Pathogens
                Microbial Pathogens
                Viral Pathogens
                Immunodeficiency Viruses
                HIV
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Organisms
                Viruses
                Viral Pathogens
                Immunodeficiency Viruses
                HIV
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Organisms
                Viruses
                Immunodeficiency Viruses
                HIV
                Biology and life sciences
                Organisms
                Viruses
                RNA viruses
                Retroviruses
                Lentivirus
                HIV
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Microbiology
                Medical Microbiology
                Microbial Pathogens
                Viral Pathogens
                Retroviruses
                Lentivirus
                HIV
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
                Pathogens
                Microbial Pathogens
                Viral Pathogens
                Retroviruses
                Lentivirus
                HIV
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Organisms
                Viruses
                Viral Pathogens
                Retroviruses
                Lentivirus
                HIV
                People and Places
                Population Groupings
                Sexuality Groupings
                Men WHO Have Sex with Men
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Anatomy
                Body Fluids
                Blood
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Anatomy
                Body Fluids
                Blood
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Physiology
                Body Fluids
                Blood
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Physiology
                Body Fluids
                Blood
                People and places
                Geographical locations
                Africa
                South Africa
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Psychology
                Sexual Identity
                Social Sciences
                Psychology
                Sexual Identity
                Research and Analysis Methods
                Research Design
                Survey Research
                Surveys
                People and Places
                Geographical Locations
                Africa
                Social Sciences
                Sociology
                Social Research
                Custom metadata
                Data cannot be shared publicly based on confidentially concerns due to the sensitive nature of the research data and because participants were assured in the consent form that ‘only study managers and investigators will have access to data files’. This assurance may have impacted an individual’s decision to join the study and the UCSF Institutional Review Board will honor that assurance. Those who wish to request access to this data may contact: Laurie Herraiz, RD, CCRP, CIP Director, Human Research Protections Program University of California San Francisco 3333 California St, Ste 315 San Francisco, CA 94118 Tel: 415/514-9246 Fax: 415/502-1347 http://irb.ucsf.edu/ lauire.herraiz@ 123456ucsf.edu

                Uncategorized
                Uncategorized

                Comments

                Comment on this article