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      Antipyretic Medicinal Plants, Phytocompounds, and Green Nanoparticles: An Updated Review

      Author(s): 1 , 2 , 3 , 1
      Publication date Created:
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      Journal: Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology

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          Abstract

          Abstract:

          Pyrexia itself is not a terminal condition. Basically, it occurs with mild to serious diseases affecting alarge population of the world. Other than a high body temperature, pyrexia is accompanied by several sickness behaviors, changes in physiological and metabolic characteristics of the body system, and alterations in the immune responses. Various allopathic drugs are available to treat pyrexia by targeting the symptom or the pathogen itself. Drug-resistance has made control and treatment of vectors more difficult. However, many marginal people are obligated to utilize locally available medicinal plants for the treatment of various diseases due to limited access to synthetic drugs. Developments in the field of nanotechnology and phytochemical research towards the discovery of new antimicrobial agents have also drawn the interest of researchers towards the synthesis of green nanoparticles from plant extracts due to their several benefits over the other methods. Thus, the present report discusses the use of ethnomedicinal plants, phytocompounds, and the application of green nanoparticles synthesized from plant extracts to treat pyrexia.

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          The Traditional Medicine and Modern Medicine from Natural Products

          Haidan Yuan, Qianqian Ma, Li Ye … (2016)
          Natural products and traditional medicines are of great importance. Such forms of medicine as traditional Chinese medicine, Ayurveda, Kampo, traditional Korean medicine, and Unani have been practiced in some areas of the world and have blossomed into orderly-regulated systems of medicine. This study aims to review the literature on the relationship among natural products, traditional medicines, and modern medicine, and to explore the possible concepts and methodologies from natural products and traditional medicines to further develop drug discovery. The unique characteristics of theory, application, current role or status, and modern research of eight kinds of traditional medicine systems are summarized in this study. Although only a tiny fraction of the existing plant species have been scientifically researched for bioactivities since 1805, when the first pharmacologically-active compound morphine was isolated from opium, natural products and traditional medicines have already made fruitful contributions for modern medicine. When used to develop new drugs, natural products and traditional medicines have their incomparable advantages, such as abundant clinical experiences, and their unique diversity of chemical structures and biological activities.
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            Characterization techniques for nanoparticles: comparison and complementarity upon studying nanoparticle properties

            Stefanos Mourdikoudis, Roger Pallares, Nguyen Thanh (2018)
            Combined and carefully selected use of experimental techniques – understanding nanoparticle properties and optimizing performance in applications. Nanostructures have attracted huge interest as a rapidly growing class of materials for many applications. Several techniques have been used to characterize the size, crystal structure, elemental composition and a variety of other physical properties of nanoparticles. In several cases, there are physical properties that can be evaluated by more than one technique. Different strengths and limitations of each technique complicate the choice of the most suitable method, while often a combinatorial characterization approach is needed. In addition, given that the significance of nanoparticles in basic research and applications is constantly increasing, it is necessary that researchers from separate fields overcome the challenges in the reproducible and reliable characterization of nanomaterials, after their synthesis and further process ( e.g. annealing) stages. The principal objective of this review is to summarize the present knowledge on the use, advances, advantages and weaknesses of a large number of experimental techniques that are available for the characterization of nanoparticles. Different characterization techniques are classified according to the concept/group of the technique used, the information they can provide, or the materials that they are destined for. We describe the main characteristics of the techniques and their operation principles and we give various examples of their use, presenting them in a comparative mode, when possible, in relation to the property studied in each case.
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              A Review of Micronutrients and the Immune System–Working in Harmony to Reduce the Risk of Infection

              Adrian F. Gombart, Adeline Pierre, Silvia Maggini (2020)
              Immune support by micronutrients is historically based on vitamin C deficiency and supplementation in scurvy in early times. It has since been established that the complex, integrated immune system needs multiple specific micronutrients, including vitamins A, D, C, E, B6, and B12, folate, zinc, iron, copper, and selenium, which play vital, often synergistic roles at every stage of the immune response. Adequate amounts are essential to ensure the proper function of physical barriers and immune cells; however, daily micronutrient intakes necessary to support immune function may be higher than current recommended dietary allowances. Certain populations have inadequate dietary micronutrient intakes, and situations with increased requirements (e.g., infection, stress, and pollution) further decrease stores within the body. Several micronutrients may be deficient, and even marginal deficiency may impair immunity. Although contradictory data exist, available evidence indicates that supplementation with multiple micronutrients with immune-supporting roles may modulate immune function and reduce the risk of infection. Micronutrients with the strongest evidence for immune support are vitamins C and D and zinc. Better design of human clinical studies addressing dosage and combinations of micronutrients in different populations are required to substantiate the benefits of micronutrient supplementation against infection.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Title: Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
                Abbreviated Title: CPB
                ISSN (Print): 13892010
                Publication date Created: January 2023
                Publication date (Print): January 2023
                Volume: 24
                Issue: 1
                Pages: 23-49
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Tonk, Rajasthan, India
                [2 ]Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
                [3 ]Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
                Article
                DOI: 10.2174/1389201023666220330005020
                PubMed ID: 35352658
                SO-VID: a7952554-b9e4-49e0-977f-020e07228c57
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