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      Development of a questionnaire to assess medical competencies: Reliability and validity of the Questionnaire Translated title: Entwicklung eines Fragebogens zur Erfassung von Kompetenzen in der Medizin: Ergebnisse zur Reliabilität und Validität

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          Abstract

          Introduction: While preparing a graduate survey for medical education in 2008 we realized that no instrument existed that would be suitable to evaluate whether the learning outcomes outlined in the Medical Licensure Act (ÄAppO) would be met. Therefore we developed the Freiburg Questionnaire to Assess Competencies in Medicine (Freiburger Fragebogen zur Erfassung von Kompetenzen in der Medizin, FKM) 1 which has been revised and extended several times since then.

          Currently the FKM includes 45 items which are assigned to nine domains that correspond to the CanMEDS roles: medical expertise, communication, team-work, health and prevention, management, professionalism, learning, scholarship, and personal competencies.

          Methods: In order to test the reliability and validity of the questionnaire we have repeatedly surveyed medical students and residents since May 2008. In this article we report on the results of a cross-sectional study with 698 medical students from the preclinical and clinical years. In addition, we report the results of a survey of 514 residents who were up to two years into their residency.

          Results and conclusions: In summary, results show that the scales of the FKM are reliable (Cronbach’s α between .68 and .97). Significant differences in means between selected groups of students support the measure’s construct validity. Furthermore, there is evidence that the FKM might be used as a screening tool e.g. in graduate surveys to identify weaknesses in the medical education curriculum.

          Translated abstract

          Einführung: Bei der Vorbereitung einer Absolventenbefragung im Fach Humanmedizin wurde deutlich, dass ein Verfahren fehlte, mit dem erfasst werden kann, ob die in der ÄAppO aufgeführten Lehr- und Lernziele erreicht werden. Aus diesem Grund wurde der Freiburger Fragebogen zur Erfassung von Kompetenzen in der Medizin (FKM) 1 von einer Arbeitsgruppe an der Medizinischen Fakultät der Universität Freiburg entwickelt. Der FKM wurde seitdem mehrmals überarbeitet und erweitert. Er umfasst derzeit 45 Items, die neun Kompetenzbereichen zugeordnet werden. Diese Kompetenzbereiche stimmen im Wesentlichen mit den CanMEDS-Rollen überein.

          Methode: Um die Reliabilität und Validität des Fragebogens zu überprüfen, wurden seit Mai 2008 mehrfach Studierende und Assistenzärzte befragt. In dem vorliegenden Beitrag werden die Ergebnisse einer Querschnittsstudie berichtet, in der 698 Studierende des ersten und zweiten Studienabschnitts den FKM beantwortet haben. Des Weiteren werden die Ergebnisse von 514 Assistenzärzten mit bis zu zwei Jahren Berufserfahrung beschrieben, die den FKM im Rahmen einer Absolventenbefragung ausgefüllt haben.

          Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerungen: Die bisherigen Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die einzelnen Kompetenzskalen des FKM hinreichend reliabel sind (Cronbach's α=.68 bis .97). Mittelwertunterschiede zwischen ausgewählten Gruppen von Studierenden stützen die Annahme der Konstruktvalidität des Verfahrens. Zudem gibt es Hinweise darauf, dass der FKM zumindest ab dem 2. Abschnitt des Studiums der Humanmedizin und im Rahmen von Absolventenstudien als Screening-Instrument eingesetzt werden kann, um Schwächen in der Ausbildung festzustellen.

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          The CanMEDS 2005 Physician Competency Framework

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            Not knowing that they do not know: self-assessment accuracy of third-year medical students.

            The development of self-regulated learning is a major focus of our problem-based learning (PBL) medical programme. Students who are unsuccessful in assessments often seem to lack insight into the standard of their own performance, yet the ability to self-assess accurately is essential for the effective self-management of learning. The aim of this project was to evaluate the accuracy of self- and peer-assessment according to academic performance. In 2004, 175 3rd-year students undertook an integrated, case-based, short-essay, formative assessment. After the assessment they were provided with model answers and marking criteria. Students marked their own assessment paper and the paper of one of their peers. Assessment papers were subsequently marked by faculty members. The following data was available for each student: self-mark, faculty-mark, score awarded by a peer and the score that they awarded to their peer. Self-assessment and peer-assessment ability was compared to overall academic performance. Low-achieving students score themselves and their peers generously. High-achieving students score themselves more harshly than faculty. However, they score their peers accurately. In the 3rd year of the programme low-achieving students are unable to assess accurately the quality of their own work or the work of their peers in a formative written assessment. The PBL curriculum does not guarantee the appropriate development of self-assessment skills.
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              AMEE guide No. 14: Outcome-based education: Part 2-Planning, implementing and evaluating a competency-based curriculum

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                GMS Z Med Ausbild
                GMS Z Med Ausbild
                GMS Zeitschrift für medizinische Ausbildung
                German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
                1860-7446
                1860-3572
                16 May 2011
                2011
                : 28
                : 2
                : Doc31
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Medizinische Fakultät, Abt. für Medizinische Psychologie und Soziologie, Freiburg, Deutschland
                [2 ]Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Medizinische Fakultät, Studiendekanat, Freiburg, Deutschland
                [3 ]St. Josefskrankenhaus Freiburg, Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Freiburg, Deutschland
                Author notes
                *To whom correspondence should be addressed: Marianne Giesler, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Medizinische Fakultät, Abt. für Medizinische Psychologie und Soziologie, Rheinstraße 12, 79104 Freiburg, Deutschland, Tel.: +49 (0)761/203-5513, Fax: +49 (0)761/203-5514, E-mail: marianne.giesler@ 123456klinikum.uni-freiburg.de
                Article
                zma000743 Doc31 urn:nbn:de:0183-zma0007434
                10.3205/zma000743
                3149468
                21818241
                a7b8866d-c341-47d4-b7fc-99546c7dc12b
                Copyright © 2011 Giesler et al.

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/deed.en). You are free to copy, distribute and transmit the work, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 19 October 2010
                : 22 March 2011
                : 18 February 2011
                Categories
                Article

                Medicine
                assessment of competencies,graduate survey,competency based education,medical competencies,outcome based education

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