New investigation of bats-hosts-reservoir-people coronavirus model and application to 2019-nCoV system

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Abstract

According to the report presented by the World Health Organization, a new member of viruses, namely, coronavirus, shortly 2019-nCoV, which arised in Wuhan, China, on January 7, 2020, has been introduced to the literature. The main aim of this paper is investigating and finding the optimal values for better understanding the mathematical model of the transfer of 2019-nCoV from the reservoir to people. This model, named Bats-Hosts-Reservoir-People coronavirus (BHRPC) model, is based on bats as essential animal beings. By using a powerful numerical method we obtain simulations of its spreading under suitably chosen parameters. Whereas the obtained results show the effectiveness of the theoretical method considered for the governing system, the results also present much light on the dynamic behavior of the Bats-Hosts-Reservoir-People transmission network coronavirus model.

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Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus–Infected Pneumonia

Qun Li, Xuhua Guan, Peng Wu … (2020)

Abstract Background The initial cases of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)–infected pneumonia (NCIP) occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in December 2019 and January 2020. We analyzed data on the first 425 confirmed cases in Wuhan to determine the epidemiologic characteristics of NCIP. Methods We collected information on demographic characteristics, exposure history, and illness timelines of laboratory-confirmed cases of NCIP that had been reported by January 22, 2020. We described characteristics of the cases and estimated the key epidemiologic time-delay distributions. In the early period of exponential growth, we estimated the epidemic doubling time and the basic reproductive number. Results Among the first 425 patients with confirmed NCIP, the median age was 59 years and 56% were male. The majority of cases (55%) with onset before January 1, 2020, were linked to the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market, as compared with 8.6% of the subsequent cases. The mean incubation period was 5.2 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.1 to 7.0), with the 95th percentile of the distribution at 12.5 days. In its early stages, the epidemic doubled in size every 7.4 days. With a mean serial interval of 7.5 days (95% CI, 5.3 to 19), the basic reproductive number was estimated to be 2.2 (95% CI, 1.4 to 3.9). Conclusions On the basis of this information, there is evidence that human-to-human transmission has occurred among close contacts since the middle of December 2019. Considerable efforts to reduce transmission will be required to control outbreaks if similar dynamics apply elsewhere. Measures to prevent or reduce transmission should be implemented in populations at risk. (Funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China and others.)

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Potent binding of 2019 novel coronavirus spike protein by a SARS coronavirus-specific human monoclonal antibody

Xiaolong Tian, Cheng Li, Ailing Huang … (2020)

ABSTRACT The newly identified 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) has caused more than 11,900 laboratory-confirmed human infections, including 259 deaths, posing a serious threat to human health. Currently, however, there is no specific antiviral treatment or vaccine. Considering the relatively high identity of receptor-binding domain (RBD) in 2019-nCoV and SARS-CoV, it is urgent to assess the cross-reactivity of anti-SARS CoV antibodies with 2019-nCoV spike protein, which could have important implications for rapid development of vaccines and therapeutic antibodies against 2019-nCoV. Here, we report for the first time that a SARS-CoV-specific human monoclonal antibody, CR3022, could bind potently with 2019-nCoV RBD (KD of 6.3 nM). The epitope of CR3022 does not overlap with the ACE2 binding site within 2019-nCoV RBD. These results suggest that CR3022 may have the potential to be developed as candidate therapeutics, alone or in combination with other neutralizing antibodies, for the prevention and treatment of 2019-nCoV infections. Interestingly, some of the most potent SARS-CoV-specific neutralizing antibodies (e.g. m396, CR3014) that target the ACE2 binding site of SARS-CoV failed to bind 2019-nCoV spike protein, implying that the difference in the RBD of SARS-CoV and 2019-nCoV has a critical impact for the cross-reactivity of neutralizing antibodies, and that it is still necessary to develop novel monoclonal antibodies that could bind specifically to 2019-nCoV RBD.

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Preliminary Identification of Potential Vaccine Targets for the COVID-19 Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Based on SARS-CoV Immunological Studies

Syed Faraz Ahmed, Ahmed A. Quadeer, Matthew McKay (2020)

The beginning of 2020 has seen the emergence of COVID-19 outbreak caused by a novel coronavirus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). There is an imminent need to better understand this new virus and to develop ways to control its spread. In this study, we sought to gain insights for vaccine design against SARS-CoV-2 by considering the high genetic similarity between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV, which caused the outbreak in 2003, and leveraging existing immunological studies of SARS-CoV. By screening the experimentally-determined SARS-CoV-derived B cell and T cell epitopes in the immunogenic structural proteins of SARS-CoV, we identified a set of B cell and T cell epitopes derived from the spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) proteins that map identically to SARS-CoV-2 proteins. As no mutation has been observed in these identified epitopes among the 120 available SARS-CoV-2 sequences (as of 21 February 2020), immune targeting of these epitopes may potentially offer protection against this novel virus. For the T cell epitopes, we performed a population coverage analysis of the associated MHC alleles and proposed a set of epitopes that is estimated to provide broad coverage globally, as well as in China. Our findings provide a screened set of epitopes that can help guide experimental efforts towards the development of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Wei Gao: gaowei@ynnu.edu.cn

Haci Mehmet Baskonus:

ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4085-3625

hmbaskonus@gmail.com

Li Shi: shili.imb@gmail.com

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Adv Differ Equ

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Adv Differ Equ

Title: Advances in Difference Equations

Publisher: Springer International Publishing (Cham )

ISSN (Print): 1687-1839

ISSN (Electronic): 1687-1847

Publication date (Electronic): 3 August 2020

Publication date PMC-release: 3 August 2020

Publication date (Print): 2020

Volume: 2020

Issue: 1

Electronic Location Identifier: 391

Affiliations

[1 ]GRID grid.410739.8, ISNI 0000 0001 0723 6903, School of Information Science and Technology, , Yunnan Normal University, ; Yunnan, China

[2 ]GRID grid.411999.d, ISNI 0000 0004 0595 7821, Department of Mathematics and Science Education, , Harran University, ; Sanliurfa, Turkey

[3 ]GRID grid.506261.6, ISNI 0000 0001 0706 7839, Institute of Medical Biology, , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, ; Kunming, 650092 China

Author information

Haci Mehmet Baskonus http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4085-3625

Article

Publisher ID: 2831

DOI: 10.1186/s13662-020-02831-6

PMC ID: 7396933

SO-VID: a7fdf001-1ef4-49bc-b829-979cd1e89da3

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Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

History

Date received : 24 April 2020

Date accepted : 13 July 2020

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Keywords: 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-ncov),variational iteration method,numerical solutions

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Keywords: 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-ncov), variational iteration method, numerical solutions

New investigation of bats-hosts-reservoir-people coronavirus model and application to 2019-nCoV system

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Novel Coronavirus Disease COVID-19

Most cited references 51

Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus–Infected Pneumonia

Potent binding of 2019 novel coronavirus spike protein by a SARS coronavirus-specific human monoclonal antibody

Preliminary Identification of Potential Vaccine Targets for the COVID-19 Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Based on SARS-CoV Immunological Studies

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