Neuroimaging has revealed numerous neural predictors of individual differences in
creativity; however, with most of these identified in only one study, sometimes involving
very small samples, their reliability is uncertain. To contribute to a convergent
cognitive neuroscience of creativity, we conducted a pre-registered conceptual replication
and extension study in which we assessed previously reported predictors of creativity
using a multimodal approach, incorporating volumetric, white matter, and functional
connectivity neuroimaging data. We assessed sets of pre-registered predictors against
prevailing measures of creativity, including visual and verbal tests of divergent
thinking, everyday creative behaviour, and creative achievement. We then conducted
whole-brain exploratory analyses. Greater creativity was broadly predicted by features
of the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and inferior parietal lobe (IPL), including both
local grey matter and white matter predictors in the IFG, the superior longitudinal
fasciculus that connects them, and IFG-IPL functional connectivity. As IFG and IPL
are important nodes within executive control and default mode networks (DMN), respectively,
this result supports the view that executive modulation of DMN activity optimizes
creative ideation. Furthermore, white matter integrity of the basal ganglia was also
a generalizable creativity predictor, and exploratory analyses revealed the anterior
lobe of the cerebellum and the parahippocampal gyrus to both be reliable predictors
of creativity across neuroimaging modalities. This pattern aligns with proposals ascribing
roles of working and long-term memory to problem-solving and imagination. Overall,
our findings help to consolidate some, but not all, neural correlates of individual
differences that have been discussed in the cognitive neuroimaging of creativity,
yielding a subset that appear particularly promising for focused future investigation.