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      An introduction to zwitterionic polymer behavior and applications in solution and at surfaces

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          Abstract

          Zwitterionic polymers, including polyampholytes and polybetaines, are polymers with both positive and negative charges incorporated into their structure.

          Abstract

          Zwitterionic polymers, including polyampholytes and polybetaines, are polymers with both positive and negative charges incorporated into their structure. They are a unique class of smart materials with great potential in a broad range of applications in nanotechnology, biomaterials science, nanomedicine and healthcare, as additives for bulk construction materials and crude oil, and in water remediation. In this Tutorial Review, we aim to highlight their structural diversity and design criteria, and their preparation using modern techniques. Their behavior, both in solution and at surfaces, will be examined under a range of environmental conditions. Finally, we will exemplify how their unique behaviors give rise to specific properties tailored to a selection of their numerous applications.

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          Polymers with upper critical solution temperature in aqueous solution.

          Jan Seuring, Seema Agarwal (2012)
          This review focuses on polymers with upper critical solution temperature (UCST) in water or electrolyte solution and provides a detailed survey of the yet few existing examples. A guide for synthetic chemists for the design of novel UCST polymers is presented and possible handles to tune the phase transition temperature, sharpness of transition, hysteresis, and effectiveness of phase separation are discussed. This review tries to answer the question why polymers with UCST remained largely underrepresented in academic as well as applied research and what requirements have to be fulfilled to make these polymers suitable for the development of smart materials with a positive thermoresponse.
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            Bio-inspired strategies for designing antifouling biomaterials

            Vinod B. Damodaran, N Sanjeeva Murthy (2016)
            Contamination of biomedical devices in a biological medium, biofouling, is a major cause of infection and is entirely avoidable. This mini-review will coherently present the broad range of antifouling strategies, germicidal, preventive and cleaning using one or more of biological, chemical and physical techniques. These techniques will be discussed from the point of view of their ability to inhibit protein adsorption, usually the first step that eventually leads to fouling. Many of these approaches draw their inspiration from nature, such as emulating the nitric oxide production in endothelium, use of peptoids that mimic protein repellant peptides, zwitterionic functionalities found in membrane structures, and catechol functionalities used by mussel to immobilize poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). More intriguing are the physical modifications, creation of micropatterns on the surface to control the hydration layer, making them either superhydrophobic or superhydrophilic. This has led to technologies that emulate the texture of shark skin, and the superhyprophobicity of self-cleaning textures found in lotus leaves. The mechanism of antifouling in each of these methods is described, and implementation of these ideas is illustrated with examples in a way that could be adapted to prevent infection in medical devices.
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              Switching the inside and the outside of aggregates of water-soluble block copolymers with double thermoresponsivity.

              Michel Arotçaréna, Bettina Heise, Sultana Ishaya … (2002)
              Water-soluble block copolymers were prepared from the nonionic monomer N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPA) and the zwitterionic monomer 3-[N-(3-methacrylamidopropyl)-N,N-dimethyl]ammoniopropane sulfonate (SPP) by sequential free radical polymerization via the RAFT process. Such block copolymers with two hydrophilic blocks exhibit double thermoresponsive behavior in water: the poly-NIPA block shows a lower critical solution temperature, whereas the poly-SPP block exhibits an upper critical solution temperature. Appropriate design of the block lengths leads to block copolymers which stay in solution in the full temperature range between 0 and 100 degrees C. Both blocks of these polymers dissolve in water at intermediate temperatures, whereas at high temperatures, the poly-NIPA block forms colloidal hydrophobic associates that are kept in solution by the poly-SPP block, and at low temperatures, the poly-SPP block forms colloidal polar aggregates that are kept in solution by the poly-NIPA block. In this way, colloidal aggregates which switch reversibly can be prepared in water, and without any additive, their "inside" to the "outside", and vice versa. The aggregates provide microdomains and surfaces of different character, which can be controlled by a simple thermal stimulus.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (publisher-id): CSRVBR
                Title: Chemical Society Reviews
                Abbreviated Title: Chem. Soc. Rev.
                Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
                ISSN (Print): 0306-0012
                ISSN (Electronic): 1460-4744
                Publication date Created: February 7 2019
                Publication date (Electronic): 2019
                Volume: 48
                Issue: 3
                Pages: 757-770
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Manufacturing Business Unit
                [2 ]Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
                [3 ]Clayton
                [4 ]Australia
                Article
                DOI: 10.1039/C8CS00508G
                PubMed ID: 30548039
                SO-VID: a80d2889-0c97-4d23-8e4d-719248a33296
                Copyright © © 2019
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                http://rsc.li/journals-terms-of-use

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