Neutralizing antibodies against flaviviruses, Babanki virus, and Rift Valley fever virus in Ugandan bats

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ABSTRACT

Introduction: A number of arboviruses have previously been isolated from naturally-infected East African bats, however the role of bats in arbovirus maintenance is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the exposure history of Ugandan bats to a panel of arboviruses.

Materials and methods: Insectivorous and fruit bats were captured from multiple locations throughout Uganda during 2009 and 2011–2013. All serum samples were tested for neutralizing antibodies against West Nile virus (WNV), yellow fever virus (YFV), dengue 2 virus (DENV-2), Zika virus (ZIKV), Babanki virus (BBKV), and Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) by plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). Sera from up to 626 bats were screened for antibodies against each virus.

Results and Discussion: Key findings include the presence of neutralizing antibodies against RVFV in 5/52 (9.6%) of little epauletted fruit bats ( Epomophorus labiatus) captured from Kawuku and 3/54 (5.6%) Egyptian rousette bats from Kasokero cave. Antibodies reactive to flaviviruses were widespread across bat taxa and sampling locations.

Conclusion: The data presented demonstrate the widespread exposure of bats in Uganda to arboviruses, and highlight particular virus-bat associations that warrant further investigation.

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Most cited references 21

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Phylogeny of the genus Flavivirus.

G Kuno, G J Chang, K R Tsuchiya … (1998)

We undertook a comprehensive phylogenetic study to establish the genetic relationship among the viruses of the genus Flavivirus and to compare the classification based on molecular phylogeny with the existing serologic method. By using a combination of quantitative definitions (bootstrap support level and the pairwise nucleotide sequence identity), the viruses could be classified into clusters, clades, and species. Our phylogenetic study revealed for the first time that from the putative ancestor two branches, non-vector and vector-borne virus clusters, evolved and from the latter cluster emerged tick-borne and mosquito-borne virus clusters. Provided that the theory of arthropod association being an acquired trait was correct, pairwise nucleotide sequence identity among these three clusters provided supporting data for a possibility that the non-vector cluster evolved first, followed by the separation of tick-borne and mosquito-borne virus clusters in that order. Clades established in our study correlated significantly with existing antigenic complexes. We also resolved many of the past taxonomic problems by establishing phylogenetic relationships of the antigenically unclassified viruses with the well-established viruses and by identifying synonymous viruses.

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Antigenic relationships between flaviviruses as determined by cross-neutralization tests with polyclonal antisera.

C H Calisher, N Karabatsos, J M Dalrymple … (1988)

The recently established virus family Flaviviridae contains at least 68 recognized members. Sixty-six of these viruses were tested by cross-neutralization in cell cultures. Flaviviruses were separated into eight complexes [tick-borne encephalitis (12 viruses), Rio Bravo (six), Japanese encephalitis (10), Tyuleniy (three), Ntaya (five), Uganda S (four), dengue (four) and Modoc (five)] containing 49 viruses; 17 other viruses were not sufficiently related to warrant inclusion in any of these complexes.

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TWELVE ISOLATIONS OF ZIKA VIRUS FROM AEDES (STEGOMYIA) AFRICANUS (THEOBALD) TAKEN IN AND ABOVE A UGANDA FOREST.

Megan Williams, L K GOMA, J Woodall … (1963)

In continuation of a series of studies of arboreal mosquitos as virus vectors in Uganda, 12 strains of Zika virus and one strain of another Group B arbovirus were isolated between November 1961 and June 1963 from pools of Aedes (Stegomyia) africanus caught on a 120-foot (36.5-m) tower in Zika forest. For five strains it is known at what height the mosquitos were caught: one was from mosquitos taken at ground level, and the other four were from mosquitos taken in or above the upper canopy after sunset. No small mammal trapped in the forest either on the ground or in the trees showed serum antibody for Zika virus.These findings suggest that in Zika forest, A. (S.) africanus becomes infected from a virus reservoir that is probably not among the small animals tested and that infected mosquitos are liable to be spread widely beyond the forest by convection currents above the tree-tops in the first two or three hours after sunset.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Infect Ecol Epidemiol

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Infect Ecol Epidemiol

Journal ID (archive): ZIEE

Journal ID (publisher-id): ziee20

Title: Infection Ecology & Epidemiology

Publisher: Taylor & Francis

ISSN (Electronic): 2000-8686

Publication date Collection: 2018

Publication date (Electronic): 21 February 2018

Volume: 8

Issue: 1

Electronic Location Identifier: 1439215

Affiliations

[ ^a ] Division of Vector-borne Diseases, Arbovirus Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Fort Collins, CO, USA

[ ^b ] Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, CO, USA

[ ^c ] Department of Biological Sciences, Makerere University , Kampala, Uganda

[ ^d ] Department of Arbovirology, Emerging, and Re-emerging Viral Infections, Uganda Virus Research Institute , Entebbe, Uganda

[ ^e ] Division of High Consequence Pathogens, Rabies and Poxvirus Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, GA, USA

[ ^f ] USA Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service , Fort Collins, CO, USA

[ ^g ] College of Professional Studies, Roosevelt University & Collections & Research, The Field Museum of Natural History , Chicago, IL, USA

[ ^h ] Division of High Consequence Pathogens, Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, GA, USA

Author notes

CONTACT Rebekah C. Kading rebekah.kading@ 123456colostate.edu 1692 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA

Author information

Luke Nyakarahuka http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2944-9157

Jonathan S. Towner http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6473-3049

Article

Publisher ID: 1439215

DOI: 10.1080/20008686.2018.1439215

PMC ID: 5827769

PubMed ID: 29511459

SO-VID: a816243a-c2a4-46b0-bce4-0f94ba5e11dc

License:

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

History

Date received : 16 October 2017

Date accepted : 02 February 2018

Page count

Figures: 1, Tables: 3, References: 31, Pages: 8

Funding

Funded by: United States Agency for International Development 10.13039/100000200

Award ID: Interagency Agreement

This research was funded through an Interagency Agreement between the USA Agency for International Development Emerging Pandemic Threats Program and the USA Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Neutralizing antibodies against flaviviruses, Babanki virus, and Rift Valley fever virus in Ugandan bats

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Zika Virus

Most cited references 21

Phylogeny of the genus Flavivirus.

Antigenic relationships between flaviviruses as determined by cross-neutralization tests with polyclonal antisera.

TWELVE ISOLATIONS OF ZIKA VIRUS FROM AEDES (STEGOMYIA) AFRICANUS (THEOBALD) TAKEN IN AND ABOVE A UGANDA FOREST.

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