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      Patrones de diversidad de plantas trepadoras y epifitas vasculares en el bosque lluvioso Valdiviano de Sudamérica: una síntesis entre los años 2000 y 2010 Translated title: Diversity patterns of climbing plants and vascular epiphytes in the Valdivian rain forest of South America: a synthesis between 2000 and 2010

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          Abstract

          Se sistematizó el conocimiento sobre los patrones de diversidad de plantas trepadoras y epifitas vasculares en el bosque lluvioso valdiviano de Sudamérica entre los años 2000 y 2010. El método se basó en el estudio de publicaciones en cuatro bases de datos mediante el uso de palabras claves. Los resultados mostraron 12 estudios efectuados en Chile y dos en Argentina, la mayoría en bosques primarios dentro de Áreas Silvestres Protegidas. Las investigaciones fueron efectuadas esencialmente a escala de hábitat, y sólo se encontró un estudio a escala de paisaje y dos revisiones a escala regional. Los muestreos utilizados se basaron en observaciones desde la base del suelo, y sólo dos investigaciones accedieron a la copa de árboles emergentes. Los hallazgos más relevantes mostraron que: (1) la diversidad fue mayor en bosques primarios que secundarios; (2) la abundancia de helechos epifitos (Hymenophyllaceae) se correlacionó positivamente con el gradiente de humedad del hábitat; (3) las plantas trepadoras mostraron tolerancia diferencial a la sombra; (4) la diversidad de ambos grupos de plantas se correlacionó positivamente con el diámetro del forofito, y (5) la mayoría de las trepadoras y epifitas mostraron selectividad por las especies forofitas. Además se constató que la riqueza de epifitas vasculares y plantas trepadoras a escala de hábitat varió entre 8 a 16 especies, y entre 6 a 14 especies, respectivamente. El conocimiento sobre los niveles de intercambio de especies entre hábitats en ambientes fragmentados y a escala de paisaje es escaso, y deben priorizarse los estudios en espacios con alta presión antrópica para mejorar las posibilidades de conservación de este grupo de plantas.

          Translated abstract

          Knowledge about the diversity patterns of vascular epiphytes and vines in the Valdivian rainforest of South America between 2000 and 2010 was systematized. The method was based on the review of publications available in four electronic databases using keywords. The results showed 12 studies conducted in Chile and two in Argentina, mostly in primary forests within protected areas. Research was carried out essentially at the habitat level, although there were one study at a landscape level and two reviews at a regional scale. The samples used came from ground-based observations and only two studies accessed the canopy of emergent trees. The most relevant findings showed that: (1) diversity was greater in primary than secondary forests; (2) the abundance of epiphytic ferns (Hymenophyllaceae) correlated positively with the habitat moisture gradient; (3) climbing plants showed differential tolerance to shade; (4) the diversity of both groups of plants was positively correlated with the diameter of phorophytes, and (5) the majority of vines and epiphytes showed selectivity for the phorophyte species. In addition, richness of vascular epiphytes and vines at a habitat scale ranged from 8 to 16 and 6 to 14 species, respectively. Knowledge about the level of species interchange between habitats is scarce in fragmented environments and at a landscape scale. This knowledge must be prioritized in areas with high human pressure to improve the conservation opportunity of this group of plants.

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          Vascular epiphytes

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            A mechanistic explanation for global patterns of liana abundance and distribution.

            One of the main goals in ecology is determining the mechanisms that control the abundance and distribution of organisms. Using data from 69 tropical forests worldwide, I demonstrate that liana (woody vine) abundance is correlated negatively with mean annual precipitation and positively with seasonality, a pattern precisely the opposite of most other plant types. I propose a general mechanistic hypothesis integrating both ecological and ecophysiological approaches to explain this pattern. Specifically, the deep root and efficient vascular systems of lianas enable them to suffer less water stress during seasonal droughts while many competitors are dormant, giving lianas a competitive advantage during the dry season. Testing this hypothesis in central Panama, I found that lianas grew approximately seven times more in height than did trees during the dry season but only twice as much during the wet season. Over time, this dry season advantage may allow lianas to increase in abundance in seasonal forests. In aseasonal wet forests, however, lianas gain no such advantage because competing plants are rarely limited by water. I extend this theory to account for the local, within-forest increase in liana abundance in response to disturbance as well as the conspicuous decrease in liana abundance at high latitudes.
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              The Chilean coastal range: a vanishing center of biodiversity and endemism in South American temperate rainforests

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Journal
                phyton
                Phyton (Buenos Aires)
                Phyton (B. Aires)
                Fundación Rómulo Raggio (Vicente López, Buenos Aires, Argentina )
                1851-5657
                June 2011
                : 80
                : 1
                : 9-18
                Affiliations
                [01] Temuco orgnameUniversidad Católica de Temuco orgdiv1Facultad de Recursos Naturales orgdiv2Escuela de Ciencias Ambientales Chile
                Article
                S1851-56572011000100003
                a8317248-f2df-4297-9335-f9d72bb8b11c

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 30 October 2010
                : 05 October 2010
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 68, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Argentina


                Hymenophyllum spp.,Species richness,Alfa diversity,Beta diversity,Habitat fragmentation,Biological conservation,Riqueza de especies,Diversidad alfa,Diversidad beta,Fragmentación de hábitat,Conservación biológica

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