Application of Carbon Nanotubes Modified Coatings for the Determination of Amphetamines by In-Tube Solid-Phase Microextraction and Capillary Liquid Chromatography

In this paper, a broad overview on the applications of different carbon-based nanomaterials, including nanodiamonds, fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, graphene, carbon nanofibers, carbon nanocones-disks and nanohorns, as well as their functionalized forms, in sample preparation is provided. Particular attention has been paid to graphene because many papers regarding its application in this research field are becoming available. The distinctive properties, derivatization methods and application techniques of these materials were summarized and compared. According to their research status and perspective, these nanomaterials were classified in four groups (I: graphene and carbon nanotubes; II: carbon nanofibers; III: fullerenes; and IV: nanodiamonds, carbon nanocones/disks and carbon nanohorns) and characteristics and future trends of every group were discussed. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Biomedical analyses of drugs, metabolites, poisons, environmental and occupational pollutants, disease biomarkers and endogenous substances in body fluids and tissues are important in the development of new drugs, therapeutic monitoring, forensic toxicology, patient diagnosis, and biomonitoring of human exposure to hazardous chemicals. In these analyses, sample preparation is essential for isolation of desired components from complex biological matrices and greatly influences their reliable and accurate determination. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is an effective sample preparation technique that has enabled miniaturization, automation and high-throughput performance. The use of SPME has reduced assay times, as well as the costs of solvents and disposal. This review focuses on recent advances in novel SPME techniques, including fiber SPME and in-tube SPME, in biomedical analysis. We also summarize the applications of these techniques to pharmacotherapeutic, forensic, and diagnostic studies, and to determinations of environmental and occupational exposure. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.