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      Hemocromatosis hereditaria: debut como cirrosis compensada de diagnóstico incidental. Reporte de un caso y revisión del tema. Translated title: Hereditary hemochromatosis: debut as compensated cirrhosis of incidental diagnosis. Report of a case and review of the topic. Translated title: Hemocromatose hereditária: estreia como cirrose compensada de diagnóstico incidental. Relatório de um caso e revisão do tópico.

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          Abstract

          Resumen: La Hemocromatosis Hereditaria (HH) se define por la acumulación tisular de hierro, predominantemente en hígado, páncreas y miocardio, siendo una de las formas de sobrecarga férrica de causa congénita. El diagnóstico de HH en la edad adulta es poco frecuente en nuestro medio, y debe tenerse en cuenta ante hepatopatías crónicas de etiología incierta, más aún cuando se acompañan de elementos orientadores de afectación de otros tejidos. En este artículo se presenta el caso de un paciente alcoholista que debuta clínicamente con una hemorragia digestiva, contexto en el cual se establece el diagnóstico de cirrosis. Dados los antecedentes familiares de hepatopatía crónica de etiología incierta, el reciente diagnóstico de diabetes, y ante el hallazgo de un perfil de sobrecarga férrica, a pesar del consumo problemático de alcohol, se solicitaron los estudios destinados a confirmar el planteo de HH. El estudio genético en busca de homocigosis del alelo C282Y para el gen HFE resultó positivo. Se iniciaron flebotomías seriadas con buena evolución posterior. Se presenta el caso clínico y se realiza una revisión de la literatura.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract: Hereditary Hemochromatosis (HH) is defined by tissue accumulation of iron, predominantly in theliver, pancreas and myocardium, being one of the forms of iron overload of congenital cause. The diagnosis of HH in adulthood is rare in our environment and must be taken into account in the presence of chronic liver disease of uncertain etiology. In this article we present a clinical case of an alcoholic patient who debuted clinically with a digestive bleeding, context in which the diagnosis of cirrhosis was established. Given the family history of chronic liver disease of uncertain etiology, the recent diagnosis of diabetes, and the finding of a profile of iron overload, despite problematic alcohol consumption, studies were requested to confirm the HH approach. The genetic study in search of homozygosis of the C282Y allele for the HFE gene was positive. Serial phlebotomies were started with favourable evolution at follow-up. The clinical case is presented, and a review of the literature is made.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo: Hemocromatose hereditária (HH) por acumulação de ferro no tecido é definido predominantemente no fígado, no pâncreas e enfarte, uma das formas de sobrecarga de ferro causa congénita. Diagnóstico HH na idade adulta é raro em nossa área, e deve ser considerada a doença hepática crônica de etiologia desconhecida, mesmo quando acompanhadas por elementos de guia de envolvimento de outros tecidos. Este artigo apresenta o caso de um paciente com alcoolismo que estreou clinicamente com uma hemorragia digestiva, um contexto no qual o diagnóstico de cirrose é estabelecido. Dada a história familiar de doença hepática crônica de etiologia desconhecida, o diagnóstico recente de diabetes e antes da conclusão de um perfil de sobrecarga de ferro, apesar do uso problemático de álcool, estudos para confirmar a proposição de HH foram solicitados. O estudo genético em busca de homozigose do alelo C282Y para o gene HFE foi positivo. Flebotomias seriadas com boa evolução posterior foram iniciadas. O caso clínico é apresentado e uma revisão da literatura é feita.

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          Most cited references18

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          Hereditary hemochromatosis: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment.

          In the late 1800s, hemochromatosis was considered an odd autoptic finding. More than a century later, it was finally recognized as a hereditary, multi-organ disorder associated with a polymorphism that is common among white people: a 845G-->A change in HFE that results in C282Y in the gene product. Hemochromatosis is now a well-defined syndrome characterized by normal iron-driven erythropoiesis and the toxic accumulation of iron in parenchymal cells of liver, heart, and endocrine glands. It can be caused by mutations that affect any of the proteins that limit the entry of iron into the blood. In mice, deletion of the iron hormone hepcidin and any of 8 genes that regulate its biology, including Hfe, transferrin receptor 2 (Tfr2), and hemojuvelin (Hjv) (which all sense the accumulation of iron that hepcidin corrects) or ferroportin (Fpn) (the cellular iron exporter down-regulated by hepcidin), cause iron overload but not organ disease. In humans, loss of TfR2, HJV, and hepcidin itself or FPN mutations result in full-blown hemochromatosis. Unlike these rare instances, in white people, homozygotes for C282Y polymorphism in HFE are numerous, but they are only predisposed to hemochromatosis; complete organ disease develops in a minority, when these individuals abuse alcohol or from other unidentified modifying factors. HFE gene testing can be used to diagnose hemochromatosis, but analyses of liver histology and clinical features are still required to identify patients with rare, non-HFE forms of the disease. The role of hepcidin in the pathogenesis of hemochromatosis reveals its similarities to endocrine diseases such as diabetes and indicates new approaches to diagnosis and management of this common disorder in iron metabolism. Copyright (c) 2010 AGA Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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            A population-based study of the clinical expression of the hemochromatosis gene.

            Hereditary hemochromatosis is associated with homozygosity for the C282Y mutation in the hemochromatosis (HFE) gene on chromosome 6, elevated serum transferrin saturation, and excess iron deposits throughout the body. To assess the prevalence and clinical expression of the HFE gene, we conducted a population-based study in Busselton, Australia. In 1994, we obtained blood samples for the determination of serum transferrin saturation and ferritin levels and the presence or absence of the C282Y mutation and the H63D mutation (which may contribute to increased hepatic iron levels) in 3011 unrelated white adults. We evaluated all subjects who had persistently elevated transferrin-saturation values (45 percent or higher) or were homozygous for the C282Y mutation. We recommended liver biopsy for subjects with serum ferritin levels of 300 ng per milliliter or higher. The subjects were followed for up to four years. Sixteen of the subjects (0.5 percent) were homozygous for the C282Y mutation, and 424 (14.1 percent) were heterozygous. The serum transferrin saturation was 45 percent or higher in 15 of the 16 who were homozygous; in 1 subject it was 43 percent. Four of the homozygous subjects had previously been given a diagnosis of hemochromatosis, and 12 had not. Seven of these 12 patients had elevated serum ferritin levels in 1994; 6 of the 7 had further increases in 1998, and 1 had a decrease, although the value remained elevated. The serum ferritin levels in the four other homozygous patients remained in the normal range. Eleven of the 16 homozygous subjects underwent liver biopsy; 3 had hepatic fibrosis, and 1, who had a history of excessive alcohol consumption, had cirrhosis and mild microvesicular steatosis. Eight of the 16 homozygous subjects had clinical findings that were consistent with the presence of hereditary hemochromatosis, such as hepatomegaly, skin pigmentation, and arthritis. In a population of white adults of northern European ancestry, 0.5 percent were homozygous for the C282Y mutation in the HFE gene. However, only half of those who were homozygous had clinical features of hemochromatosis, and one quarter had serum ferritin levels that remained normal over a four-year period.
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              Association of HLA-A3 and HLA-B14 antigens with idiopathic haemochromatosis.

              The frequency of HLA-A3 and HLA-B14 antigens was significantly higher in a series of 51 patients with idiopathic haemochromatosis than in a control group, being respectively 78-4 versus 27-0% and 25-5 versus 3-4%. This finding strongly supports the suggestion that idiopathic haemochromatosis is a genetic disease and suggests that the gene(s) responsible for the disease may be linked to the histocompatibility genes.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rumi
                Revista Uruguaya de Medicina Interna
                Rev. Urug. Med. Int.
                Sociedad de Medicina Interna del Uruguay (Montevideo, , Uruguay )
                2393-6797
                2393-6797
                April 2019
                : 4
                : 1
                : 40-48
                Affiliations
                [1] Montevideo orgnameUniversidad de la República orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina. orgdiv2Hospital de Clínicas “Dr. Manuel Quintela Uruguay marianabrin@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                S2393-67972019000100040
                10.26445/04.01.2
                a856e056-8364-47e5-aba9-b30706c580b9

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 26 August 2018
                : 16 February 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 23, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Uruguay

                Categories
                Caso Clínico

                hereditary hemochromatosis,iron overload,C282Y.,hemocromatosis hereditaria,sobrecarga férrica,C282Y,hemocromatose hereditaria,sobrecarga de ferro

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