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      Regenerated isotropic wood

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          Abstract

          Construction of sustainable high-performance structural materials is a core part of the key global sustainability goal. Many efforts have been made in this field; however, challenges remain in terms of lowering costs by using all-green basic building blocks and improving mechanical properties to meet the demand of practical applications. Here, we report a robust and efficient bottom-up strategy with micro/nanoscale structure design to regenerate an isotropic wood from natural wood particles as a high-performance sustainable structural material. Regenerated isotropic wood (RGI-wood) exceeds the limitations of the anisotropic and inconsistent mechanical properties of natural wood, having isotropic flexural strength of ∼170 MPa and flexural modulus of ∼10 GPa. RGI-wood also shows superior water resistance and fire retardancy properties to natural pine wood. Mass production of large sized RGI-wood and functional RGI-wood nanocomposites can also be achieved.

          Abstract

          A new kind of sustainable structural material ‘regenerated isotropic wood’ (RGI-wood) has been prepared from natural wood particles through a bottom-up strategy with surface micro/nanoscale structure design.

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          Most cited references36

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          Carbon nanotube–polymer composites: Chemistry, processing, mechanical and electrical properties

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            Sustainable polymers from renewable resources

            Renewable resources are used increasingly in the production of polymers. In particular, monomers such as carbon dioxide, terpenes, vegetable oils and carbohydrates can be used as feedstocks for the manufacture of a variety of sustainable materials and products, including elastomers, plastics, hydrogels, flexible electronics, resins, engineering polymers and composites. Efficient catalysis is required to produce monomers, to facilitate selective polymerizations and to enable recycling or upcycling of waste materials. There are opportunities to use such sustainable polymers in both high-value areas and in basic applications such as packaging. Life-cycle assessment can be used to quantify the environmental benefits of sustainable polymers.
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              Tough, bio-inspired hybrid materials.

              The notion of mimicking natural structures in the synthesis of new structural materials has generated enormous interest but has yielded few practical advances. Natural composites achieve strength and toughness through complex hierarchical designs that are extremely difficult to replicate synthetically. We emulate nature's toughening mechanisms by combining two ordinary compounds, aluminum oxide and polymethyl methacrylate, into ice-templated structures whose toughness can be more than 300 times (in energy terms) that of their constituents. The final product is a bulk hybrid ceramic-based material whose high yield strength and fracture toughness [ approximately 200 megapascals (MPa) and approximately 30 MPa.m(1/2)] represent specific properties comparable to those of aluminum alloys. These model materials can be used to identify the key microstructural features that should guide the synthesis of bio-inspired ceramic-based composites with unique strength and toughness.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Natl Sci Rev
                Natl Sci Rev
                nsr
                National Science Review
                Oxford University Press
                2095-5138
                2053-714X
                July 2021
                19 September 2020
                19 September 2020
                : 8
                : 7
                : nwaa230
                Affiliations
                Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, China
                Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, China
                Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, China
                Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, China
                Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, China
                Author notes
                Corresponding author. E-mail: shyu@ 123456ustc.edu.cn

                Qing-Fang Guan, Zi-Meng Han and Huai-Bin Yang are equally contributed to this work.

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3732-1011
                Article
                nwaa230
                10.1093/nsr/nwaa230
                8310772
                a87d4087-f760-422c-8411-0c59ae00965f
                © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of China Science Publishing & Media Ltd.

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 02 July 2020
                : 30 July 2020
                : 30 July 2020
                Page count
                Pages: 9
                Funding
                Funded by: National Natural Science Foundation of China, DOI 10.13039/501100001809;
                Award ID: 51732011
                Funded by: Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China, DOI 10.13039/501100012659;
                Award ID: 21521001
                Funded by: Chinese Academy of Sciences, DOI 10.13039/501100002367;
                Award ID: QYZDJ-SSW-SLH036
                Funded by: National Basic Research Program of China, DOI 10.13039/501100012166;
                Award ID: 2014CB931800
                Funded by: Hefei Science Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences;
                Award ID: 2015HSC-UE007
                Categories
                RESEARCH ARTICLE
                Materials Science
                AcademicSubjects/MED00010
                AcademicSubjects/SCI00010

                sustainable structural materials,wood material,cellulose nanofiber,micro/nanoscale structure design,bottom-up strategy

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