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      Injury Profiles of Police Recruits Undergoing Basic Physical Training: A Prospective Cohort Study

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          Abstract

          Purpose A lack of published epidemiological data among police recruits presents a major challenge when designing appropriate prevention programs to reduce injury burden. We aimed to report the injury epidemiology of Western Australian (WA) Police Force recruits and examine sex and age as injury risk factors. Methods Retrospective analyses were conducted of prospectively collected injury data from WA Police Force recruits between 2018–2021. Injury was defined as ‘time-loss’ and injury incidence rate per 1000 training days (Poisson exact 95% confidence intervals) was calculated. For each region and type of injury, the incidence, severity, and burden were calculated. The association between age, sex, and injury occurrence were assessed using Cox regression time-to-event analysis. Results A total of 1316 WA Police Force recruits were included, of whom 264 recruits sustained 304 injuries. Injury prevalence was 20.1% and the incidence rate was 2.00 (95%CI 1.78–2.24) injuries per 1000 training days. Lower limb injuries accounted for most of the injury burden. Ligament/ joint injuries had the highest injury tissue/pathology burden. The most common activity injuring recruits was physical training (31.8% of all injuries). Older age (Hazard Ratio = 1.5, 95%CI = 1.2 to 1.9, p = 0.002) and female sex (Hazard Ratio = 1.4, 95%CI = 1.3 to 1.6, p < 0.001) increased risk of injury. Conclusion Prevention programs targeting muscle/tendon and ligament/joint injuries to the lower limb and shoulder should be prioritised to reduce the WA Police Force injury burden. Injury prevention programs should also prioritise recruits who are over 30 years of age or of female sex, given they are a higher risk population.

          Supplementary Information

          The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10926-022-10059-2.

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          Most cited references36

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          International Olympic Committee consensus statement: methods for recording and reporting of epidemiological data on injury and illness in sport 2020 (including STROBE Extension for Sport Injury and Illness Surveillance (STROBE-SIIS))

          Injury and illness surveillance, and epidemiological studies, are fundamental elements of concerted efforts to protect the health of the athlete. To encourage consistency in the definitions and methodology used, and to enable data across studies to be compared, research groups have published 11 sport-specific or setting-specific consensus statements on sports injury (and, eventually, illness) epidemiology to date. Our objective was to further strengthen consistency in data collection, injury definitions and research reporting through an updated set of recommendations for sports injury and illness studies, including a new Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist extension. The IOC invited a working group of international experts to review relevant literature and provide recommendations. The procedure included an open online survey, several stages of text drafting and consultation by working groups and a 3-day consensus meeting in October 2019. This statement includes recommendations for data collection and research reporting covering key components: defining and classifying health problems; severity of health problems; capturing and reporting athlete exposure; expressing risk; burden of health problems; study population characteristics and data collection methods. Based on these, we also developed a new reporting guideline as a STROBE Extension—the STROBE Sports Injury and Illness Surveillance (STROBE-SIIS). The IOC encourages ongoing in- and out-of-competition surveillance programmes and studies to describe injury and illness trends and patterns, understand their causes and develop measures to protect the health of the athlete. Implementation of the methods outlined in this statement will advance consistency in data collection and research reporting.
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            A new framework for research leading to sports injury prevention.

            This paper proposes a new sports injury research framework, the Translating Research into Injury Prevention Practice framework, or TRIPP. This model builds on the fact that only research that can, and will, be adopted by sports participants, their coaches and sporting bodies will prevent injuries. Future advances in sports injury prevention will only be achieved if research efforts are directed towards understanding the implementation context for injury prevention, as well as continuing to build the evidence base for their efficacy and effectiveness of interventions. There is no doubt that intervention research in the sporting field can be difficult and many challenges need to be overcome; however, that should not be put up as a barrier towards undertaking it. Over the next few years, sports injury researchers will need to think carefully about the "best" study designs and analysis tools to achieve this. All reported sports injury studies, of whatever design, should include information on key implementation factors such as player/club recruitment rates and other biases as well as the rate of uptake of the interventions being tested, including reasons for use/non-use. However, it will only be broad research endeavours that adopt the TRIPP six-staged approach that will lead to real-world injury prevention gains.
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              Fewer ligament injuries but no preventive effect on muscle injuries and severe injuries: an 11-year follow-up of the UEFA Champions League injury study.

              Limited information is available on the variation in injury rates over multiple seasons of professional football.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                m.murphy@ecu.edu.au
                Journal
                J Occup Rehabil
                J Occup Rehabil
                Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation
                Springer US (New York )
                1053-0487
                1573-3688
                2 August 2022
                2 August 2022
                2023
                : 33
                : 1
                : 170-178
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.1038.a, ISNI 0000 0004 0389 4302, School of Medical and Health Sciences, , Edith Cowan University, ; Joondalup, Western Australia Australia
                [2 ]GRID grid.1014.4, ISNI 0000 0004 0367 2697, Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Science, , Flinders University, ; Adelaide, SA Australia
                [3 ]GRID grid.266886.4, ISNI 0000 0004 0402 6494, Institute for Health Research, The University of Notre Dame Australia, ; Fremantle, Western Australia Australia
                [4 ]GRID grid.1018.8, ISNI 0000 0001 2342 0938, La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, ; Bundoora, Victoria Australia
                [5 ]Western Australian Police Academy, Western Australian Police Force, Joondalup, Western Australia Australia
                [6 ]GRID grid.1038.a, ISNI 0000 0004 0389 4302, Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, , Edith Cowan University, ; Joondalup, Western Australia Australia
                [7 ]GRID grid.266886.4, ISNI 0000 0004 0402 6494, School of Health Sciences and Physiotherapy, , The University of Notre Dame Australia, ; Fremantle, Western Australia Australia
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6068-1096
                Article
                10059
                10.1007/s10926-022-10059-2
                10025230
                35917080
                a88b4549-2836-449c-b50a-ad413d787c62
                © The Author(s) 2022

                Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                : 8 July 2022
                Funding
                Funded by: Western Australian Police Force
                Award ID: G1006008
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: Edith Cowan University
                Categories
                Article
                Custom metadata
                © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2023

                Occupational & Environmental medicine
                law enforcement,injury surveillance,injury epidemiology,injury burden

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