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      Can Probiotics and Diet Promote Beneficial Immune Modulation and Purine Control in Coronavirus Infection?

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          Abstract

          Infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus worldwide has led the World Health Organization to declare a COVID-19 pandemic. Because there is no cure or treatment for this virus, it is emergingly urgent to find effective and validated methods to prevent and treat COVID-19 infection. In this context, alternatives related to nutritional therapy might help to control the infection. This narrative review proposes the importance and role of probiotics and diet as adjunct alternatives among the therapies available for the treatment of this new coronavirus. This review discusses the relationship between intestinal purine metabolism and the use of Lactobacillus gasseri and low-purine diets, particularly in individuals with hyperuricemia, as adjuvant nutritional therapies to improve the immune system and weaken viral replication, assisting in the treatment of COVID-19. These might be promising alternatives, in addition to many others that involve adequate intake of vitamins, minerals and bioactive compounds from food.

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          World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19)

          Catrin Sohrabi, Zaid Alsafi, Niamh O'Neill … (2020)
          An unprecedented outbreak of pneumonia of unknown aetiology in Wuhan City, Hubei province in China emerged in December 2019. A novel coronavirus was identified as the causative agent and was subsequently termed COVID-19 by the World Health Organization (WHO). Considered a relative of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), COVID-19 is caused by a betacoronavirus named SARS-CoV-2 that affects the lower respiratory tract and manifests as pneumonia in humans. Despite rigorous global containment and quarantine efforts, the incidence of COVID-19 continues to rise, with 90,870 laboratory-confirmed cases and over 3,000 deaths worldwide. In response to this global outbreak, we summarise the current state of knowledge surrounding COVID-19.
          Article 0 comments Cited 2168 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Structural basis of receptor recognition by SARS-CoV-2

            Jian Ku Shang, Gang Ye, Ke Chuang Shi … (2020)
            Summary A novel SARS-like coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) recently emerged and is rapidly spreading in humans 1,2 . A key to tackling this epidemic is to understand the virus’s receptor recognition mechanism, which regulates its infectivity, pathogenesis and host range. SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV recognize the same receptor - human ACE2 (hACE2) 3,4 . Here we determined the crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) (engineered to facilitate crystallization) in complex of hACE2. Compared with SARS-CoV RBD, a hACE2-binding ridge in SARS-CoV-2 RBD takes a more compact conformation; moreover, several residue changes in SARS-CoV-2 RBD stabilize two virus-binding hotspots at the RBD/hACE2 interface. These structural features of SARS-CoV-2 RBD enhance its hACE2-binding affinity. Additionally, we showed that RaTG13, a bat coronavirus closely related to SARS-CoV-2, also uses hACE2 as its receptor. The differences among SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and RaTG13 in hACE2 recognition shed light on potential animal-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2. This study provides guidance for intervention strategies targeting receptor recognition by SARS-CoV-2.
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              Emerging coronaviruses: Genome structure, replication, and pathogenesis

              Yu Chen, Qianyun Liu, Deyin Guo (2020)
              Abstract The recent emergence of a novel coronavirus (2019‐nCoV), which is causing an outbreak of unusual viral pneumonia in patients in Wuhan, a central city in China, is another warning of the risk of CoVs posed to public health. In this minireview, we provide a brief introduction of the general features of CoVs and describe diseases caused by different CoVs in humans and animals. This review will help understand the biology and potential risk of CoVs that exist in richness in wildlife such as bats.
              Article 0 comments Cited 1331 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Nutrients
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Nutrients
                Journal ID (publisher-id): nutrients
                Title: Nutrients
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Electronic): 2072-6643
                Publication date (Electronic): 10 June 2020
                Publication date Collection: June 2020
                Volume: 12
                Issue: 6
                Electronic Location Identifier: 1737
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Nutrition Postgraduate Program, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59078-970, Brazil; lima_bruna@ 123456yahoo.com.br (B.L.L.M.); juks3107@ 123456gmail.com (J.K.d.S.-M.)
                [2 ]Biochemistry Postgraduate Program, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59078-970, Brazil
                [3 ]Department of Nutrition, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59078-970, Brazil; thais_spassos@ 123456yahoo.com.br
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: aharaujomorais@ 123456gmail.com ; Tel.: +55-84-991061887
                [†]

                These authors contributed equally to this work.

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6460-911X
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2054-1544
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0724-1961
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7970-534X
                Article
                Publisher ID: nutrients-12-01737
                DOI: 10.3390/nu12061737
                PMC ID: 7352643
                PubMed ID: 32532069
                SO-VID: a88bb530-6815-449f-832e-9844bc3c1ae3
                Copyright © © 2020 by the authors.
                License:

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 03 May 2020
                Date accepted : 05 June 2020
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Nutrition & Dietetics
                Keywords: lactobacillus gasseri,covid-19,sars-cov-2,viral infection,purine,immune system,nutritional intervention.
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Nutrition & Dietetics
                Keywords: lactobacillus gasseri, covid-19, sars-cov-2, viral infection, purine, immune system, nutritional intervention.

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