Remdesivir-loaded bis-MPA hyperbranched dendritic nanocarriers for pulmonary delivery

Abstract

Remdesivir is the only clinically available antiviral drug for the treatment of COVID-19. However, its very limited aqueous solubility confines its therapeutic activity and the development of novel inhaled nano-based drug delivery systems of remdesivir for enhanced lung tissue targeting and efficacy is internationally pursued. In this work 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid (bis-MPA) hyperbranched dendritic nano-scaffolds were employed as nanocarriers of remdesivir. The produced nano-formulations, empty and loaded, consisted of monodisperse nanoparticles with spherical morphology and neutral surface charge and sizes ranging between 80 and 230 nm. The entrapment efficiency and loading capacity of the loaded samples were 82.0% and 14.1%, respectively, whereas the release of the encapsulated drug was complete after 48 h. The toxicity assays in healthy MRC-5 lung diploid fibroblasts and NR8383 alveolar macrophages indicated their suitability as potential remdesivir carriers in the respiratory system. The novel nano-formulations are non-toxic in both tested cell lines, with IC ₅₀ values higher than 400 μΜ after 72 h treatment. Moreover, both free and encapsulated remdesivir exhibited very similar IC ₅₀ values, at the range of 80–90 μM, while its aqueous solubility was increased, overall presenting a suitable profile for application in inhaled delivery of therapeutics.

Graphical abstract