Criterion and Construct Validity of the CogState Schizophrenia Battery in Japanese Patients with Schizophrenia

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Abstract

Background

The CogState Schizophrenia Battery (CSB), a computerized cognitive battery, covers all the same cognitive domains as the Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (MATRICS) Consensus Cognitive Battery but is briefer to conduct. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the criterion and construct validity of the Japanese language version of the CSB (CSB-J) in Japanese patients with schizophrenia.

Methodology/Principal Findings

Forty Japanese patients with schizophrenia and 40 Japanese healthy controls with matching age, gender, and premorbid intelligence quotient were enrolled. The CSB-J and the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia, Japanese-language version (BACS-J) were performed once. The structure of the CSB-J was also evaluated by a factor analysis. Similar to the BACS-J, the CSB-J was sensitive to cognitive impairment in Japanese patients with schizophrenia. Furthermore, there was a significant positive correlation between the CSB-J composite score and the BACS-J composite score. A factor analysis showed a three-factor model consisting of memory, speed, and social cognition factors.

Conclusions/Significance

This study suggests that the CSB-J is a useful and rapid automatically administered computerized battery for assessing broad cognitive domains in Japanese patients with schizophrenia.

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Most cited references 35

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The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia.

L Opler, Jennifer Kay, Paul Opler … (1986)

The variable results of positive-negative research with schizophrenics underscore the importance of well-characterized, standardized measurement techniques. We report on the development and initial standardization of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for typological and dimensional assessment. Based on two established psychiatric rating systems, the 30-item PANSS was conceived as an operationalized, drug-sensitive instrument that provides balanced representation of positive and negative symptoms and gauges their relationship to one another and to global psychopathology. It thus constitutes four scales measuring positive and negative syndromes, their differential, and general severity of illness. Study of 101 schizophrenics found the four scales to be normally distributed and supported their reliability and stability. Positive and negative scores were inversely correlated once their common association with general psychopathology was extracted, suggesting that they represent mutually exclusive constructs. Review of five studies involving the PANSS provided evidence of its criterion-related validity with antecedent, genealogical, and concurrent measures, its predictive validity, its drug sensitivity, and its utility for both typological and dimensional assessment.

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The MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery, part 1: test selection, reliability, and validity.

Keith Nuechterlein, Michael Green, Robert Kern … (2008)

The lack of an accepted standard for measuring cognitive change in schizophrenia has been a major obstacle to regulatory approval of cognition-enhancing treatments. A primary mandate of the National Institute of Mental Health's Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (MATRICS) initiative was to develop a consensus cognitive battery for clinical trials of cognition-enhancing treatments for schizophrenia through a broadly based scientific evaluation of measures. The MATRICS Neurocognition Committee evaluated more than 90 tests in seven cognitive domains to identify the 36 most promising measures. A separate expert panel evaluated the degree to which each test met specific selection criteria. Twenty tests were selected as a beta battery. The beta battery was administered to 176 individuals with schizophrenia and readministered to 167 of them 4 weeks later so that the 20 tests could be compared directly. The expert panel ratings are presented for the initially selected 36 tests. For the beta battery tests, data on test-retest reliability, practice effects, relationships to functional status, practicality, and tolerability are presented. Based on these data, 10 tests were selected to represent seven cognitive domains in the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery. The structured consensus method was a feasible and fair mechanism for choosing candidate tests, and direct comparison of beta battery tests in a common sample allowed selection of a final consensus battery. The MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery is expected to be the standard tool for assessing cognitive change in clinical trials of cognition-enhancing drugs for schizophrenia. It may also aid evaluation of cognitive remediation strategies.

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What are the functional consequences of neurocognitive deficits in schizophrenia?

M. Green (1996)

It has been well established that schizophrenic patients have neurocognitive deficits, but it is not known how these deficits influence the daily lives of patients. The goal of this review was to determine which, if any, neurocognitive deficits restrict the functioning of schizophrenic patients in the outside world. The author reviewed studies that have evaluated neurocognitive measures as predictors and correlates of functional outcome for schizophrenic patients. The review included 1) studies that have prospectively evaluated specific aspects of neurocognition and community (e.g., social and vocational) functioning (six studies), 2) all known studies of neurocognitive correlates of social problem solving (five studies), and 3) all known studies of neurocognitive correlates and predictors of psychosocial skill acquisition (six studies). Despite wide variation among studies in the selection of neurocognitive measures, some consistencies emerged. The most consistent finding was that verbal memory was associated with all types of functional outcome. Vigilance was related to social problem solving and skill acquisition. Card sorting predicted community functioning but not social problem solving. Negative symptoms were associated with social problem solving but not skill acquisition. Notably, psychotic symptoms were not significantly associated with outcome measures in any of the studies reviewed. Verbal memory and vigilance appear to be necessary for adequate functional outcome. Deficiencies in these areas may prevent patients from attaining optimal adaptation and hence act as "neurocognitive rate-limiting factors." On the basis of this review of the literature, a series of hypotheses are offered for follow-up studies.

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Author and article information

Contributors

: Role: Editor

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLoS One

Journal ID (publisher-id): plos

Journal ID (pmc): plosone

Title: PLoS ONE

Publisher: Public Library of Science (San Francisco, USA )

ISSN (Electronic): 1932-6203

Publication date Collection: 2011

Publication date (Electronic): 26 May 2011

Volume: 6

Issue: 5

Electronic Location Identifier: e20469

Affiliations

[1 ]Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Japan

[2 ]Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan

[3 ]Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

[4 ]Department of Psychiatry, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan

[5 ]National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan

[6 ]Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan

[7 ]Department of Psychiatry, Course of Integrated Brain Sciences, Medical Informatics, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan

[8 ]Department of Psychiatry, Iwaki Clinic, Tokushima, Japan

[9 ]CogState Ltd., Melbourne, Australia

[10 ]Japan Foundation for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Tokyo, Japan

Rikagaku Kenkyūsho Brain Science Institute, Japan

Author notes

* E-mail: hashimoto@ 123456faculty.chiba-u.jp

Conceived and designed the experiments: TY KT KH. Performed the experiments: TY MS KA YM TT SE CL SY M. Ishikawa YH T. Se YU MT YK M. Iyo KK TH T. Su TO. Analyzed the data: TY. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: YK DD PM. Wrote the paper: TY KH. Calculated the uploaded raw data using custom software of CogState Ltd: DD PM.

Article

Publisher ID: PONE-D-11-05578

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020469

PMC ID: 3102733

PubMed ID: 21637776

SO-VID: a8cdabbb-d718-4386-bcd4-b0f0cf3fca49

Copyright © Yoshida et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

History

Date received : 28 March 2011

Date accepted : 26 April 2011

Page count

Pages: 7

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Criterion and Construct Validity of the CogState Schizophrenia Battery in Japanese Patients with Schizophrenia

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Abstract

Background

Methodology/Principal Findings

Conclusions/Significance

Related collections

PLOS Climate

Most cited references 35

The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia.

The MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery, part 1: test selection, reliability, and validity.

What are the functional consequences of neurocognitive deficits in schizophrenia?

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Article

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Cited by 14

Most referenced authors 428