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      A comprehensive survey on the horizontal and vertical distribution of heavy metals and microorganisms in soils of a Pb/Zn smelter.

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          Abstract

          Smelter emissions have brought serious heavy metal contamination. Comprehensive surveys of spatial heavy metal and microorganism distribution in soils of smelters aera are still limited. In this study, the horizontal and vertical profiles of heavy metals as well as microorganisms of 80 samples from 5 soil layers of 16 sites in a Pb/Zn smelter were studied. Pollution index indicated the pollution level as Cd > Zn > Pb > As > Cu > Mn > Co > Cr > V, and the severe pollutants were Cd, Zn, Pb, As and Cu. The hazard quotient and hazard index indicated that the topsoil might pose high chronic risk to children mainly due to high content of Pb, As and Cd. The whole smelter was heavily polluted even to the depth of 100 cm as revealed by Nemerow pollution indices. Depth-related microbiota analysis indicated high richness of indigenous microorganisms and significant differences in vertical microbial structure. Proteobacteria was the dominant phylum in all depth layers, followed by Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Acidobacteria as major phyla. pH and heavy metals Zn, Cu, As, Mn and Cd significantly influenced the microbiota composition. Metagenomic functional prediction suggested antioxidant response, metal exportation and biotransformation play roles in bio-resistance to and bioremoval of heavy metals.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          J Hazard Mater
          Journal of hazardous materials
          Elsevier BV
          1873-3336
          0304-3894
          Dec 05 2020
          : 400
          Affiliations
          [1 ] School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Biohydrometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
          [2 ] School of Life Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410012, China. Electronic address: hmmzhjj@csu.edu.cn.
          [3 ] School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Biohydrometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China. Electronic address: zghe@csu.edu.cn.
          Article
          S0304-3894(20)31244-9
          10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123255
          32593028
          a8cefecb-6755-4c42-9fd3-bfd37c43de0b
          History

          Spatial distribution,Microbial community,Metal smelter,Heavy metal contamination

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