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      Attention, response inhibition, and hoarding: A neuropsychological examination

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          Abstract

          Background and aims

          The prominent cognitive-behavioral model of hoarding posits that information processing deficits contribute to hoarding disorder. Although individuals with hoarding symptoms consistently self-report attentional and impulsivity difficulties, neuropsychological tests have inconsistently identified impairments. These mixed findings may be the result of using different neuropsychological tests, tests with poor psychometric properties, and/or testing individuals in a context that drastically differs from their own homes.

          Methods

          One hundred twenty-three participants (hoarding = 63; control = 60) completed neuropsychological tests of sustained attention, focused attention, and response inhibition in cluttered and tidy environments in a counterbalanced order.

          Results

          Hoarding participants demonstrated poorer sustained attention and response inhibition than the control group (CPT-3 Omission and VST scores) and poorer response inhibition in the cluttered environment than when in the tidy environment (VST scores). CPT-3 Detectability and Commission scores also indicated that hoarding participants had greater difficulty sustaining attention and inhibiting responses than the control group; however, these effect sizes were just below the lowest practically meaningful magnitude. Posthoc exploratory analyses demonstrated that fewer than one-third of hoarding participants demonstrated sustained attention and response inhibition difficulties and that these participants reported greater hoarding severity and greater distress in the cluttered room.

          Discussion and conclusions

          Given these findings and other studies showing that attentional difficulties may be a transdiagnostic factor for psychopathology, future studies will want to explore whether greater sustained attention and response inhibition difficulties in real life contexts contribute to comorbidity and functional impairment in hoarding disorder.

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          Most cited references66

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          Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions.

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            Factor structure of the barratt impulsiveness scale

            The purpose of the present study was to revise the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale Version 10 (BIS-10), identify the factor structure of the items among normals, and compare their scores on the revised form (BIS-11) with psychiatric inpatients and prison inmates. The scale was administered to 412 college undergraduates, 248 psychiatric inpatients, and 73 male prison inmates. Exploratory principal components analysis of the items identified six primary factors and three second-order factors. The three second-order factors were labeled Attentional Impulsiveness, Motor Impulsiveness, and Nonplanning Impulsiveness. Two of the three second-order factors identified in the BIS-11 were consistent with those proposed by Barratt (1985), but no cognitive impulsiveness component was identified per se. The results of the present study suggest that the total score of the BIS-11 is an internally consistent measure of impulsiveness and has potential clinical utility for measuring impulsiveness among selected patient and inmate populations.
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              An effect size primer: A guide for clinicians and researchers.

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                2006
                Journal of Behavioral Addictions
                JBA
                Akadémiai Kiadó (Budapest )
                2062-5871
                2063-5303
                28 September 2023
                05 October 2023
                : 12
                : 3
                : 827-839
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Centre for Emotional Health, Macquarie University , Australia
                [2 ] Macquarie University , Australia
                [3 ] UNSW Sydney , Australia
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author. E-mail: melissa.norberg@ 123456mq.edu.au
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7840-9007
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3859-9974
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2461-5777
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3144-4507
                Article
                10.1556/2006.2023.00053
                10562813
                37773748
                a903e89e-deea-4f2d-bbb1-31f04c542d99
                © 2023 The Author(s)

                Open Access statement. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium for non-commercial purposes, provided the original author and source are credited, a link to the CC License is provided, and changes – if any – are indicated.

                History
                : 15 September 2022
                : 30 May 2023
                : 17 August 2023
                : 10 September 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 4, Tables: 3, Equations: 18, References: 65, Pages: 13
                Funding
                Funded by: Macquarie University

                Evolutionary Biology,Medicine,Psychology,Educational research & Statistics,Social & Behavioral Sciences
                response inhibition,attention,executive function,hoarding disorder,cognitive dysfunction,mental processes

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