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      Characterization of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes in patients from Rondônia, Brazil

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          Abstract

          Background

          Hepatitis B virus (HBV) can be classified into nine genotypes (A-I) defined by sequence divergence of more than 8% based on the complete genome. This study aims to identify the genotypic distribution of HBV in 40 HBsAg-positive patients from Rondônia, Brazil. A fragment of 1306 bp partially comprising surface and polymerase overlapping genes was amplified by PCR. Amplified DNA was purified and sequenced. Amplified DNA was purified and sequenced on an ABI PRISM ® 377 Automatic Sequencer (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA). The obtained sequences were aligned with reference sequences obtained from the GenBank using Clustal X software and then edited with Se-Al software. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted by the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approach using BEAST v.1.5.3.

          Results

          The subgenotypes distribution was A1 (37.1%), D3 (22.8%), F2a (20.0%), D4 (17.1%) and D2 (2.8%).

          Conclusions

          These results for the first HBV genotypic characterization in Rondônia state are consistent with other studies in Brazil, showing the presence of several HBV genotypes that reflects the mixed origin of the population, involving descendants from Native Americans, Europeans, and Africans.

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          Most cited references49

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          Immunology of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection.

          Barbara Rehermann, Michelina Nascimbeni (2005)
          More than 500 million people worldwide are persistently infected with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and/or hepatitis C virus (HCV) and are at risk of developing chronic liver disease, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Despite many common features in the pathogenesis of HBV- and HCV-related liver disease, these viruses markedly differ in their virological properties and in their immune escape and survival strategies. This review assesses recent advances in our understanding of viral hepatitis, contrasts mechanisms of virus-host interaction in acute hepatitis B and hepatitis C, and outlines areas for future studies.
          Article 0 comments Cited 364 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Genetic diversity of hepatitis B virus strains derived worldwide: genotypes, subgenotypes, and HBsAg subtypes.

            Heléne Norder, Anne-Marie Couroucé, Pierre Coursaget … (2004)
            Sequences of 234 complete genomes and 631 hepatitis B surface antigen genes were used to assess the worldwide diversity of hepatitis B virus (HBV). Apart from the described two subgenotypes each for A and F, also B, C, and D divided into four subgenotypes each in the analysis of complete genomes supported by significant bootstrap values. The subgenotypes of B and C differed in their geographical distribution, with B1 dominating in Japan, B2 in China and Vietnam, B3 confined to Indonesia, and B4 confined to Vietnam, all strains specifying subtype ayw1. Subgenotype C1 was common in Japan, Korea, and China; C2 in China, South-East Asia, and Bangladesh, and C3 in the Oceania comprising strains specifying adrq-, and C4 specifying ayw3 is encountered in Aborigines from Australia. This pattern of defined geographical distribution was less evident for D1-D4, where the subgenotypes were widely spread in Europe, Africa, and Asia, possibly due to their divergence having occurred a longer time ago than for genotypes B and C, with D4 being the first split and still the dominating subgenotype of D in the Oceania. The genetic diversity of HBV and the geographical distribution of its subgenotypes provide a tool to reconstruct the evolutionary history of HBV and may help to complement genetic data in the understanding of the evolution and past migrations of man. 2004 S. Karger AG, Basel.
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              Typing hepatitis B virus by homology in nucleotide sequence: comparison of surface antigen subtypes.

              H Okamoto, F Tsuda, H Sakugawa … (1988)
              The complete nucleotide sequences of the DNA of three hepatitis B virus (HBV) genomes of subtype adw, cloned from plasma samples of asymptomatic carriers living in the mainland and Okinawa Prefecture of Japan and Indonesia were determined. All three comprised 3215 bp and differed in sequence by only 3.9 to 5.6%. When these isolates were compared with the reported sequences of two HBV genomes of the same subtype derived from American carriers, however, the differences were greater (8.3 to 9.3% to an extent comparable with the nucleotide divergence between an HBV genome of subtype adw and that of a heterotypic subtype, such as adr, ayw or ayr. A total of 18 HBV genomes of various subtypes, including the three described here, 10 reported previously and five unpublished ones, were classified into four groups based on an inter-group divergence in nucleotide sequence of 8% or greater: group A (two adw genomes), group B (four adw), group C (three adw, four adr and one ayr) and group D (four ayw). Thus, the nine genomes of HBV subtype adw were distributed into three groups with considerably different sequences. These results indicate that the four major antigenically defined subtypes of envelope polypeptide do not reflect true genotypic variation of HBV. The fact that d to y, as well as w to r, subtypic change can be induced by an A----G point mutation at nucleotides 365 and 479 in the S gene, respectively, supports this view.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Virol J
                Title: Virology Journal
                Publisher: BioMed Central
                ISSN (Electronic): 1743-422X
                Publication date Collection: 2010
                Publication date (Electronic): 12 November 2010
                Volume: 7
                Page: 315
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Research Center for Tropical Medicine - CEPEM/Tropical Pathology Research Institute-IPEPATRO. Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
                [2 ]Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, São Paulo Institute of Tropical Medicine and Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo SP, Brazil
                Article
                Publisher ID: 1743-422X-7-315
                DOI: 10.1186/1743-422X-7-315
                PMC ID: 2994811
                PubMed ID: 21073730
                SO-VID: a90cd0f5-11f1-4a0f-a1c5-006de374577b
                Copyright © Copyright ©2010 Santos et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 8 September 2010
                Date accepted : 12 November 2010
                Categories
                Subject: Research

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Microbiology & Virology
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Microbiology & Virology

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