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      The Belgica 121 expedition to the Western Antarctic Peninsula: a detailed biodiversity census

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          Abstract

          Background

          This dataset relates to the biodiversity census carried out during the Belgica 121 (B121) expedition to the Western Antarctic Peninsula from February to March 2019. One of the aims of the campaign was to explore the surroundings of the Gerlache Strait and to carry out a detailed biodiversity census focusing on inter- and subtidal shallow-water areas using both classic descriptive marine ecology methods, as well as state-of-the art techniques (habitat mapping, genetics, trophic ecology). The biodiversity census was carried out onboard a nimble research vessel, RV Australis. This dataset will offer access to the raw data on biodiversity occurrences, obtained using a range of methods described in this data paper.

          New information

          New raw biodiversity data for a poorly-sampled region (Western Antarctic Peninsula) with a special focus on shallow ecosystems.

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          Most cited references21

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          Biodiversity and Resilience of Ecosystem Functions.

          Accelerating rates of environmental change and the continued loss of global biodiversity threaten functions and services delivered by ecosystems. Much ecosystem monitoring and management is focused on the provision of ecosystem functions and services under current environmental conditions, yet this could lead to inappropriate management guidance and undervaluation of the importance of biodiversity. The maintenance of ecosystem functions and services under substantial predicted future environmental change (i.e., their 'resilience') is crucial. Here we identify a range of mechanisms underpinning the resilience of ecosystem functions across three ecological scales. Although potentially less important in the short term, biodiversity, encompassing variation from within species to across landscapes, may be crucial for the longer-term resilience of ecosystem functions and the services that they underpin.
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            Climate change and Southern Ocean ecosystems I: how changes in physical habitats directly affect marine biota.

            Antarctic and Southern Ocean (ASO) marine ecosystems have been changing for at least the last 30 years, including in response to increasing ocean temperatures and changes in the extent and seasonality of sea ice; the magnitude and direction of these changes differ between regions around Antarctica that could see populations of the same species changing differently in different regions. This article reviews current and expected changes in ASO physical habitats in response to climate change. It then reviews how these changes may impact the autecology of marine biota of this polar region: microbes, zooplankton, salps, Antarctic krill, fish, cephalopods, marine mammals, seabirds, and benthos. The general prognosis for ASO marine habitats is for an overall warming and freshening, strengthening of westerly winds, with a potential pole-ward movement of those winds and the frontal systems, and an increase in ocean eddy activity. Many habitat parameters will have regionally specific changes, particularly relating to sea ice characteristics and seasonal dynamics. Lower trophic levels are expected to move south as the ocean conditions in which they are currently found move pole-ward. For Antarctic krill and finfish, the latitudinal breadth of their range will depend on their tolerance of warming oceans and changes to productivity. Ocean acidification is a concern not only for calcifying organisms but also for crustaceans such as Antarctic krill; it is also likely to be the most important change in benthic habitats over the coming century. For marine mammals and birds, the expected changes primarily relate to their flexibility in moving to alternative locations for food and the energetic cost of longer or more complex foraging trips for those that are bound to breeding colonies. Few species are sufficiently well studied to make comprehensive species-specific vulnerability assessments possible. Priorities for future work are discussed.
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              The spatial structure of Antarctic biodiversity

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Biodivers Data J
                Biodivers Data J
                1
                urn:lsid:arphahub.com:pub:F9B2E808-C883-5F47-B276-6D62129E4FF4
                urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:245B00E9-BFE5-4B4F-B76E-15C30BA74C02
                Biodiversity Data Journal
                Pensoft Publishers
                1314-2836
                1314-2828
                2021
                23 September 2021
                : 9
                : e70590
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels Belgium
                [2 ] KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium KULeuven Leuven Belgium
                [3 ] Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussels Belgium
                [4 ] UGent, Gent, Belgium UGent Gent Belgium
                [5 ] EMC2, Brussels, Belgium EMC2 Brussels Belgium
                [6 ] Ocean Expeditions, Sydney, Australia Ocean Expeditions Sydney Australia
                [7 ] UMR 6282 Biogéosciences, Univ Bourgogne Franche-Comté, CNRS, Dijon, France UMR 6282 Biogéosciences, Univ Bourgogne Franche-Comté, CNRS Dijon France
                Author notes
                Corresponding author: Bruno Danis ( bdanis@ 123456ulb.ac.be ).

                Academic editor: Yasen Mutafchiev

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9037-7623
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7114-5854
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0981-7442
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8971-8195
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6056-4447
                Article
                70590 15137
                10.3897/BDJ.9.e70590
                8484197
                a956949b-9aef-47bd-b989-5f6a31d6d659
                Bruno Danis, Henrik Christiansen, Charlène Guillaumot, Franz Maximilian Heindler, Quentin Jossart, Camille Moreau, Francesca Pasotti, Henri Robert, Ben Wallis, Thomas Saucède

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 23 June 2021
                : 15 September 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 2, References: 21
                Categories
                Data Paper (Biosciences)

                southern ocean,belgica,low environmental impact,shallow waters,climate change,benthos

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