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      Beneath the Salt Marsh Canopy: Loss of Soil Strength with Increasing Nutrient Loads

      Estuaries and Coasts
      Springer Nature

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          Ecosystem carbon storage in arctic tundra reduced by long-term nutrient fertilization.

          Global warming is predicted to be most pronounced at high latitudes, and observational evidence over the past 25 years suggests that this warming is already under way. One-third of the global soil carbon pool is stored in northern latitudes, so there is considerable interest in understanding how the carbon balance of northern ecosystems will respond to climate warming. Observations of controls over plant productivity in tundra and boreal ecosystems have been used to build a conceptual model of response to warming, where warmer soils and increased decomposition of plant litter increase nutrient availability, which, in turn, stimulates plant production and increases ecosystem carbon storage. Here we present the results of a long-term fertilization experiment in Alaskan tundra, in which increased nutrient availability caused a net ecosystem loss of almost 2,000 grams of carbon per square meter over 20 years. We found that annual aboveground plant production doubled during the experiment. Losses of carbon and nitrogen from deep soil layers, however, were substantial and more than offset the increased carbon and nitrogen storage in plant biomass and litter. Our study suggests that projected release of soil nutrients associated with high-latitude warming may further amplify carbon release from soils, causing a net loss of ecosystem carbon and a positive feedback to climate warming.
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            Global patterns of root turnover for terrestrial ecosystems

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              Litter decomposition, climate and liter quality.

              Litter decomposition is controlled by three main factors: climate, litter quality and the nature and abundance of the decomposing organisms. Climate is the dominant factor in areas subjected to unfavourable weather conditions, whereas litter quality largely prevails as the regulator under favourable conditions. Litter quality remains important until the late decomposition stages through its effects on humus formation. Interest in the role of litter decomposition in the global carbon cycle has increased recently since (1) increased atmospheric carbon dioxide will probably affect the chemical quality of litter (especially nitrogen content), and (2) global warming may enhance decomposition rates. Copyright © 1995. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Estuaries and Coasts
                Estuaries and Coasts
                Springer Nature
                1559-2723
                1559-2731
                September 2011
                September 2010
                : 34
                : 5
                : 1084-1093
                Article
                10.1007/s12237-010-9341-y
                a97ba67a-7270-4cd4-ad2f-8c7f160ed4ad
                © 2011
                History

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