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      Severidad del trauma, optimismo, crecimiento postraumático y bienestar en sobrevivientes de un desastre natural Translated title: Severity of Trauma, Optimism, Posttraumatic Growth and Well-Being in Survivors of a Natural Disaster

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          Abstract

          El propósito del estudio fue evaluar, en una población afectada por un desastre natural, la relación de algunas variables sociales y psicológicas con el bienestar psicológico y el crecimiento postraumático. Se obtuvo una muestra de 446 personas de la provincia de Concepción (Chile), afectadas por el terremoto del 27/F del 2010. Se emplearon el Inventario de Crecimiento Postraumático (PTGI), el Cuestionario de Orientación Vital (LOT-R) y la Flourishing Scale. Se analizó la relación entre severidad objetiva del evento (pérdida material, daño físico en alguien cercano y daño físico personal), severidad subjetiva del evento (conside -rar el evento como traumático o que alteró sus vidas) y optimismo disposicional, observándose que la interacción del optimismo con la severidad subjetiva u objetiva aporta significativamente en la predicción del bienestar y el crecimiento, moderando el impacto de dichas variables. Además, se evaluaron diferencias por sexo, edad y nivel socioeconómico. Se determinó la influencia relativa del nivel socioeconómico sobre el crecimiento postraumático. Este estudio resalta la importancia de las condiciones sociales sobre los efectos psicológicos de los desastres naturales y la importancia del optimismo para amortiguar dichos efectos.

          Translated abstract

          The aim of the study was to evaluate, in a population affected by a natural disaster, the relationship of social and psychological variables with the psychological well-being and posttraumatic growth. Participated 446 people of the province of Concepcion, Chile, affected by the earthquake on 27/F, 2010. We used the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), the Life Orientation Test (LOT-R) and the Flourishing Scale. We analyzed the relationship between objective severity of the event (material loss, physical damage to someone close and personal physical damage), subjective severity of the event (considering the event as traumatic or altered their lives) and dispositional optimism, showing that the interaction of optimism with subjective or objective severity contributes significantly to the prediction of well-being and growth, moderating the impact of these variables. In addition, we evaluated differences by sex, age and socioeconomic status. There was a relative influence of socioeconomic status on posttraumatic growth. This study shows the relevance of social conditions on the psychological effects of natural disasters and the importance of optimism to mitigate these effects.

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          Distinguishing optimism from neuroticism (and trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem): a reevaluation of the Life Orientation Test.

          Research on dispositional optimism as assessed by the Life Orientation Test (Scheier & Carver, 1985) has been challenged on the grounds that effects attributed to optimism are indistinguishable from those of unmeasured third variables, most notably, neuroticism. Data from 4,309 subjects show that associations between optimism and both depression and aspects of coping remain significant even when the effects of neuroticism, as well as the effects of trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem, are statistically controlled. Thus, the Life Orientation Test does appear to possess adequate predictive and discriminant validity. Examination of the scale on somewhat different grounds, however, does suggest that future applications can benefit from its revision. Thus, we also describe a minor modification to the Life Orientation Test, along with data bearing on the revised scale's psychometric properties.
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            Posttraumatic stress and depressive reactions among children and adolescents after the 1999 earthquake in Ano Liosia, Greece.

            This study evaluated the severity of posttraumatic stress and depressive reactions among children and adolescents 3 months after the 1999 earthquake in Ano Liosia, Greece, and additionally assessed the relationship of these reactions to objective and subjective features of earthquake exposure, sex, school level, postearthquake difficulties, death of a family member, and thoughts of revenge. This school-based study of 1,937 students was conducted in two differentially exposed cities (Ano Liosia, at the epicenter, and Dafni, 10 kilometers from the epicenter) with an earthquake exposure questionnaire, the UCLA Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Reaction Index, and the Depression Self-Rating Scale. Endorsement of earthquake-related exposure items between the two cities was congruent with the extent of earthquake impact in each city. Median PTSD Reaction Index scores were significantly higher in Ano Liosia. The estimated rates of PTSD and clinical depression for both cities combined were 4.5% and 13.9%, respectively. Depression, subjective and objective earthquake-related experiences, and difficulties at home accounted for 41% of the variance in severity of PTSD reactions. PTSD score was the single most powerful variable predicting depression (36% of the variance), with only sex making a small but significant additional contribution. This study demonstrated the feasibility of conducting large-scale school-based postdisaster mental health screening for planning intervention strategies. The present findings regarding PTSD and depression indicate the need to provide targeted specialized postdisaster mental health services to subgroups with significant levels of posttraumatic stress and depressive reactions after an earthquake of moderate intensity.
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              Predictors of posttraumatic growth following bone marrow transplantation for cancer.

              There is growing recognition that the experience of cancer can have a positive as well as a negative psychological impact. This longitudinal study sought to identify predictors of posttraumatic growth among cancer patients (N=72) undergoing bone marrow transplantation. Greater posttraumatic growth in the posttransplant period was related to younger age; less education; greater use of positive reinterpretation, problem solving, and seeking alternative rewards as coping strategies in the pretransplant period; more stressful appraisal of aspects of the transplant experience; and more negatively biased recall of pretransplant levels of psychological distress. Findings partially support J. A. Schaefer and R. H. Moos's (1992) model of life crises and personal growth and also suggest that temporal self-comparisons contribute to the experience of posttraumatic growth. ((c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved).
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rups
                Universitas Psychologica
                Univ. Psychol.
                Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (Bogotá )
                1657-9267
                June 2014
                : 13
                : 2
                : 575-584
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidad Santo Tomas Chile
                [2 ] Universidad de Concepción Chile
                Article
                S1657-92672014000200015
                10.11144/Javeriana.UPSY13-2.stop
                a9b9d667-d839-48da-95e4-8db0f08e0b0b

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Colombia

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1657-9267&lng=en
                Categories
                PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

                Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                Psychological trauma,optimism,well-being,posttraumatic growth,earthquake,Trauma psicológico,optimismo,bienestar,crecimiento postraumático,terremoto

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