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      Quality of life in the elderly with and without chronic pain Translated title: Qualidade de vida de idosos com e sem dor crônica

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In the last decade, the elderly population has grown worldwide, both in developed and developing countries. Together with the aging process, the prevalence of chronic diseases and consequently the presence of pain are common and may have a strong impact on the quality of life of the elderly. The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of life of elderly patients with and without chronic pain and to compare the quality of life with the number of chronic pathologies, pain intensity and age range METHODS: A quantitative, descriptive cross-sectional study carried out in a city in the West of the state of Santa Catarina with a sample of 385 senior people living in the urban area. The instruments of analysis were: the Mental State Mini Exam; the general data questionnaire adapted from Morais, Rodrigues e Gerhardt; The WHOQOL-OLD questionnaire, and a visual numerical scale. For the intergroup comparison, the Mann-Whitney test was used, and Pearson’s correlation was used in the correlations. RESULTS: It was observed the predominance of pain of moderate intensity. Old people with chronic pain have a lower quality of life index than the group without pain regardless the gender, and those who have chronic pain and age above 71 years have a lower quality of life index. CONCLUSION: The presence of chronic pain, number of diseases, pain intensity, female gender and age group above 71 years negatively influenced the quality of life of the elderly studied.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Na última década, a população idosa cresceu mundialmente, tanto nos países desenvolvidos quanto nos países em desenvolvimento. A prevalência de doenças crônicas aumenta com a velhice. As de origem osteomioarticular podem ter quadros de dor associado, o que pode produzir impactos na qualidade de vida do idoso. Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar a qualidade de vida de idosos com e sem dor crônica e correlacioná-la com o número de doenças crônicas, intensidade de dor e faixa etária. MÉTODOS: Estudo quantitativo, descritivo de corte transversal, realizado em um município do Oeste catarinense, com uma amostra de 385 idosos residentes na área urbana. Utilizou-se como instrumentos de análise o Mini-Exame do Estado Mental; o questionário de dados gerais; o questionário WHOQOL-OLD; e a escala visual numérica da dor. A comparação da qualidade de vida entre idosos com e sem dor crônica foi realizada por meio do teste U de Mann-Whitney, e as correlações foram realizadas pelo teste de correlação de Spearman. RESULTADOS: Observou-se a predominância de dor de intensidade moderada. Idosos com dor crônica possuem índice de qualidade de vida menor que o grupo sem dor, independentemente do sexo, sendo que aqueles que têm dor crônica e idade maior que 71 anos possuem um menor índice de qualidade de vida. CONCLUSÃO: Os fatores presença de dor crônica, quantidade de doenças, intensidade da dor e faixa etária acima de 71 anos influenciaram de forma negativa a qualidade de vida dos idosos estudados.

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          Population-based norms for the Mini-Mental State Examination by age and educational level.

          To report the distribution of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores by age and educational level. National Institute of Mental Health Epidemiologic Catchment Area Program surveys conducted between 1980 and 1984. Community populations in New Haven, Conn; Baltimore, Md; St Louis, Mo; Durham, NC; and Los Angeles, Calif. A total of 18,056 adult participants selected by probability sampling within census tracts and households. Summary scores for the MMSE are given in the form of mean, median, and percentile distributions specific for age and educational level. The MMSE scores were related to both age and educational level. There was an inverse relationship between MMSE scores and age, ranging from a median of 29 for those 18 to 24 years of age, to 25 for individuals 80 years of age and older. The median MMSE score was 29 for individuals with at least 9 years of schooling, 26 for those with 5 to 8 years of schooling, and 22 for those with 0 to 4 years of schooling. Cognitive performance as measured by the MMSE varies within the population by age and education. The cause of this variation has yet to be determined. Mini-Mental State Examination scores should be used to identify current cognitive difficulties and not to make formal diagnoses. The results presented should prove to be useful to clinicians who wish to compare an individual patient's MMSE scores with a population reference group and to researchers making plans for new studies in which cognitive status is a variable of interest.
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            Gender differences in health-related quality of life among the elderly: the role of objective functional capacity and chronic conditions.

            Although worse Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQL) among women has been widely described, it remains unclear whether this is due to differential reporting patterns, or whether there is a real difference in health status. The objective of this study was to evaluate to what extent gender differences in HRQL among the elderly might be explained by differences in performance-based functional capacity and chronic conditions, using the conceptual model of health outcomes as proposed by Wilson and Cleary. Data are from a cross-sectional home survey of 872 surviving individuals from an elderly cohort representative of Barcelona's general population. Complete valid data for these analyses were obtained from 62% of the subjects (n = 544). The evaluation included the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP), a generic measure of HRQL; three performance-based functional capacity tests (balance, chair-stand, and walking tests); and a standardized list of self-reported chronic conditions. A series of multiple linear regression models were built with the total NHP score as the dependent variable, with gender, socio-demographic information, performance-based functional capacity and chronic conditions included sequentially, as independent variables. Women (65.4%) showed worse results than men on HRQL (mean of NHP total score 28.3 vs 16.7, p < 0.001) and functional capacity (mean of summary score 7.1 vs 8.3, p < 0.001). Functional capacity, arthritis, back pain, diabetes, and depression were significantly associated to the NHP total score in the final regression model, which explained 42% of the variance. Raw differences by gender in the total NHP score were 11.5 points (p < 0.001), but decreased to a non-significant 3.2 points (p = 0.18) after adjusting for all the other variables. In conclusion, our data suggest that worse reported HRQL in elderly women is mainly due to a higher prevalence of disability and chronic conditions.
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              Chronic Pain in the Japanese Community—Prevalence, Characteristics and Impact on Quality of Life

              Background Chronic pain is recognized as a public health problem that affects the general population physically, psychologically, and socially. However, there is little knowledge about the associated factors of chronic pain, such as the influence of weather, family structure, daily exercise, and work status. Objectives This survey had three aims: 1) to estimate the prevalence of chronic pain in Japan, 2) to analyze these associated factors, and 3) to evaluate the social burden due to chronic pain. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional postal survey in a sample of 6000 adults aged ≥20 years. The response rate was 43.8%. Results The mean age of the respondents was 57.7 years (range 20–99 years); 39.3% met the criteria for chronic pain (lasting ≥3 months). Approximately a quarter of the respondents reported that their chronic pain was adversely influenced by bad weather and also oncoming bad weather. Risk factors for chronic pain, as determined by a logistic regression model, included being an older female, being unemployed, living alone, and no daily exercise. Individuals with chronic pain showed significantly lower quality of life and significantly higher psychological distress scores than those without chronic pain. The mean annual duration of absence from work of working-age respondents was 9.6 days (range 1–365 days). Conclusions Our findings revealed that high prevalence and severity of chronic pain, associated factors, and significant impact on quality of life in the adult Japanese population. A detailed understanding of factors associated with chronic pain is essential for establishing a management strategy for primary care.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                brjp
                BrJP
                BrJP
                Sociedade Brasileira para o Estudo da Dor (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                2595-0118
                2595-3192
                June 2018
                : 1
                : 2
                : 111-115
                Affiliations
                [1] Chapecó Santa Catarina orgnameUniversidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó orgdiv1Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Ciências da Saúde Brazil
                [3] Chapecó Santa Catarina orgnameUniversidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó orgdiv1Curso de Fisioterapia Brazil
                [2] Chapecó Santa Catarina orgnameUniversidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó Brazil
                Article
                S2595-31922018000200111
                10.5935/2595-0118.20180022
                a9d4b4b2-854b-466a-a43b-5fb8c4768a6c

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 04 April 2018
                : 23 September 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 26, Pages: 5
                Product

                SciELO Brazil


                Quality of life,Elderly,Aging,Chronic pain,Physiotherapy,Qualidade de vida,Fisioterapia,Envelhecimento,Dor crônica,Idoso

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