Stress/Aggressiveness-Induced Immune Changes Are Altered in Adult Rats Submitted to Neonatal Malnutrition

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Abstract

Background/Aims: Neonatal malnutrition induces metabolic and endocrine changes that have beneficial effects on the neonatal in the short term but, in the longer term, these alterations lead to maladaptations. We investigated the effect of neonatal malnutrition on immune responses in adult rats submitted or not to an aggressiveness test. Methods: Male Wistar rats were distributed to one of two groups according to their mothers’ diet during lactation: the well-nourished group (group C, n = 42, receiving 23% of protein) and the malnourished group (group MN, n = 42, receiving 8% of protein). After weaning, all rats received normoproteic diet. Ninety days after birth, each group was subdivided into three subgroups: control rats (n = 14, respectively), aggressive rats (n = 14, respectively) and rats receiving foot shock (FS; n = 14, respectively). Plasma corticosterone concentration was measured after FS sessions. Leukocyte counts and humoral immunity were evaluated. Results: In neonatal malnourished animals, FS-induced stress reduced plasma corticosterone concentration. Intraspecific aggressiveness induced alterations in leukocyte counts and antibody titers 7 and 15 days after immunization. Neonatal malnourished animals showed no changes in the immune parameters evaluated. Conclusions: Expression of intraspecific aggressiveness activates the immune system. Neonatal malnutrition seems to have a long-lasting effect on components of both neuroendocrine and immune functions.

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Most cited references 22

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In utero programming of chronic disease.

D. J. Barker (1998)

1. Many human fetuses have to adapt to a limited supply of nutrients. In doing so they permanently change their structure and metabolism. 2. These 'programmed' changes may be the origins of a number of diseases in later life, including coronary heart disease and the related disorders stroke, diabetes and hypertension. 3. This review examines the evidence linking these diseases to fetal undernutrition and provides an overview of previous studies in this area.

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Prenatal malnutrition and development of the brain

Sofía Díaz-Cintra, L. Cintra, Tom Kemper … (1993)

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Aggressive behavior and HPA axis hormones after social isolation in adult rats of two different genetic animal models for depression.

O. Malkesman, A Weizman, Joshua Weller … (2006)

In the current study we explored behavioral and endocrinological effects of exposure to social isolation during adulthood in two different genetic animal models of depression, the Flinders Sensitive Line (FSL), and their controls, Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and the Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) strain and their controls, Wistar rats. Behavioral patterns of the different strains in coping with an intruder were studied in the "aggression" or resident-intruder test. We also measured basal plasma levels of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hormones corticosterone and ACTH and their levels after chronic stress (isolation). Significant alterations in the levels of HPA hormones after social isolation were noted in the "depressed-like" strains. There were no significant behavioral differences between FSL and SD rats in the "aggression" test. In contrast, WKY rats exhibited less frequent aggressive-like and social behavior compared to Wistar controls. The results suggest that the FSL and WKY strains, both genetic animal models of depression, exhibit separate patterns of HPA axis modulation and aggressive-like behavior after social isolation. These different patterns may reflect two different types of depression. An "avoidant" or socially inhibited type of depressive-like behavior is seen most clearly in the WKY strain.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (publisher-id): NIM

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Neuroimmunomodulation

Journal ID (doi): 10.1159/issn.1021-7401

Title: Neuroimmunomodulation

Publisher: S. Karger AG

ISSN (Print): 1021-7401

ISSN (Electronic): 1423-0216

Publication date Subscription-year: 2007

Publication date (Print): February 2008

Publication date (Electronic): 10 December 2007

Volume: 14

Issue: 5

Pages: 229-334

Affiliations

^aSchool of Nutrition, Federal University of Bahia, Bahia, ^bInstitute of Mother and Child Health of Pernambuco, and Departments of ^cNutrition and ^dTropical Medicine, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil

Article

Publisher ID: 112047 Other ID: Neuroimmunomodulation 2007;14:229–334

DOI: 10.1159/000112047

PubMed ID: 18073497

SO-VID: a9d6bb61-8014-4fd6-860a-37d280d4bc0d

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Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

History

Date received : 03 April 2007

Date accepted : 15 August 2007

Page count

Figures: 2, Tables: 1, References: 33, Pages: 106

Stress/Aggressiveness-Induced Immune Changes Are Altered in Adult Rats Submitted to Neonatal Malnutrition

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Karger: Endocrinology

Most cited references 22

In utero programming of chronic disease.

Prenatal malnutrition and development of the brain

Aggressive behavior and HPA axis hormones after social isolation in adult rats of two different genetic animal models for depression.

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