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      Clinical utility of transdermal delivery of oxybutynin gel via a metered-dose pump in the management of overactive bladder

      review-article
      Research and Reports in Urology
      Dove Medical Press
      urgency incontinence, overactive bladder, oxybutynin, transdermal

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          Abstract

          Oxybutynin is an efficacious treatment for overactive bladder, but its clinical utility is hampered by relative intolerability due to its side effect profile. Over the last few years, various attempts to enhance the tolerability of oxybutynin by varying the drug delivery mechanism have been introduced and have included extended release, rectal suppository, transdermal patch, and gel formulations. The recent introduction of a transdermal oxybutynin gel in a sachet form has been complemented by the administration of gel in a metered dose pump. This paper reviews the available evidence for transdermal oxybutynin gel and, where it exists, for the pump-based gel. The clinical utility of the pump-based gel is discussed.

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          Most cited references41

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          Social isolation.

          Social species, by definition, form organizations that extend beyond the individual. These structures evolved hand in hand with behavioral, neural, hormonal, cellular, and genetic mechanisms to support them because the consequent social behaviors helped these organisms survive, reproduce, and care for offspring sufficiently long that they too reproduced. Social isolation represents a lens through which to investigate these behavioral, neural, hormonal, cellular, and genetic mechanisms. Evidence from human and nonhuman animal studies indicates that isolation heightens sensitivity to social threats (predator evasion) and motivates the renewal of social connections. The effects of perceived isolation in humans share much in common with the effects of experimental manipulations of isolation in nonhuman social species: increased tonic sympathetic tonus and HPA activation; and decreased inflammatory control, immunity, sleep salubrity, and expression of genes regulating glucocorticoid responses. Together, these effects contribute to higher rates of morbidity and mortality in older adults. © 2011 New York Academy of Sciences.
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            A new questionnaire to assess the quality of life of urinary incontinent women

            To design and validate a condition-specific quality of life questionnaire for the assessment of women with urinary incontinence, and to use the questionnaire to assess the quality of life of women with specific urodynamic diagnoses.
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              Health-related quality of life measures for women with urinary incontinence: the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire and the Urogenital Distress Inventory. Continence Program in Women (CPW) Research Group.

              Urinary incontinence (UI) is a relatively common condition in middle-aged and older women. Traditional measures of symptoms do not adequately capture the impact that UI has on individuals' lives. Further, severe morbidity and mortality are not associated with this condition. Rather, UI's impact is primarily on the health status and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of women. Generic measures of HRQOL inadequately address the impact of the condition on the day-to-day lives of women with UI. The current paper presents data on two new condition-specific instruments designed to assess the HRQOL of UI in women: the Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI) and the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ). Used in conjunction with one another, these two measures provide detailed information on how UI affects the lives of women. The measures provide data on the more traditional view of HRQOL by assessing the impact of UI on various activities, roles and emotional states (IIQ), as well as data on the less traditional but critical issue of the degree to which symptoms associated with UI are troubling to women (UDI). Data on the reliability, validity and sensitivity to change of these measures demonstrate that they are psychometrically strong. Further, they have been developed for simple, self-administration.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Res Rep Urol
                Res Rep Urol
                Research and Reports in Urology
                Dove Medical Press
                2253-2447
                2012
                27 November 2012
                : 4
                : 57-64
                Affiliations
                Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Adrian Wagg, Department of Medicine, 1-116 Clinical Sciences Building, 11350-83 Ave, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2P4, Tel +1 780 492 5338, Fax +1 780 492 2874, Email adrian.wagg@ 123456ualberta.ca
                Article
                rru-4-057
                10.2147/RRU.S28943
                3806444
                24199182
                aa010e6f-2166-4f60-b4f2-d7b34df2d051
                © 2012 Wagg, publisher and licensee Dove Medical Press Ltd

                This is an Open Access article which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Categories
                Review

                urgency incontinence,overactive bladder,oxybutynin,transdermal

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