Osteoporosis and Cardiovascular Risk Among Premenopausal Women in Sri Lanka

Abstract

We examined the association between bone mineral density (BMD) and cardiovascular risk in a group of premenopausal women selected from the Southern province of Sri Lanka. One hundred six previously healthy premenopausal volunteers (aged 30-54 yr) were recruited by open invitations. Subjects with previous history of diabetes, hypertension, epilepsy, chronic renal or liver disease, hyperlipidemia, ischemic heart disease, endocrine diseases, or prolonged inflammatory conditions were excluded. Subjects who were taking medications that can affect bone density, blood sugar, serum lipids, or blood pressure (BP) were also excluded. Women with the history of previous fractures were not excluded. BMDs in the spine, hip, and total body (TB) were measured using a Hologic Discovery scanner (Hologic Inc, Bedford, MA). BP, fasting glucose, and fasting lipids were also measured. Independent of body mass index (BMI) and age, TB bone mineral content (BMC) and spine BMD showed inverse and significant correlations with total cholesterol (TC), low density cholesterol, and the ratio between TC and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (r ranged from -0.24 to -0.27, p<0.05 for all). The highest mean lipid levels were seen among the women in the lowest third of spine BMD, whereas women in the upper third of spine BMD had the lowest lipid levels. The number of women with metabolic syndrome in the 3 tirtiles of spine BMD was not significantly different. Fasting glucose or BP had no association with either BMD or BMC. In conclusion, our data demonstrates an association, independent of age and BMI, between BMD and BMC or lipid levels among previously healthy, premenopausal women. This may explain the high cardiovascular risk seen in women with osteoporosis in old age.