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      Autonomic nervous system and inflammation interaction in endometriosis-associated pain

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          Abstract

          Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disease. Pain is the most common symptom in endometriosis. Endometriosis-associated pain is caused by inflammation, and is related to aberrant innervation. Although the specific mechanism between endometriosis-associated pain and the interaction of aberrant innervation and inflammation remains unclear, many studies have confirmed certain correlations between them. In addition, we found that some chronic inflammatory autoimmune diseases (AIDs) such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) share similar characteristics: the changes in dysregulation of inflammatory factors as well as the function and innervation of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). The mechanisms underlying the interaction between the ANS and inflammation have provided new advances among these disorders. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to compare the changes in inflammation and ANS in endometriosis, IBD, and RA; and to explore the role and possible mechanism of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves in endometriosis-associated inflammation by referring to IBD and RA studies to provide some reference for further endometriosis research and treatment.

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          Most cited references144

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          Autonomic innervation and regulation of the immune system (1987-2007).

          Since 1987, only a few neuroanatomical studies have been conducted to identify the origin of innervation for the immune system. These studies demonstrated that all primary and secondary immune organs receive a substantial sympathetic innervation from sympathetic postganglionic neurons. Neither the thymus nor spleen receive any sensory neural innervation; however, there is evidence that lymph nodes and bone marrow may be innervated by sensory neurons located in dorsal root ganglia. There is no neuroanatomical evidence for a parasympathetic or vagal nerve supply to any immune organ. Thus, the primary pathway for the neural regulation of immune function is provided by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and its main neurotransmitter, norepinephrine (NE). Activation of the SNS primarily inhibits the activity of cells associated with the innate immune system, while it either enhances or inhibits the activity of cells associated with the acquired/adaptive immune system. Innate immune cells express both alpha and beta-adrenergic receptor subtypes, while T and B lymphocytes express adrenergic receptors of the beta2 subtype exclusively, except for murine Th2 cells that lack expression of any subtype. Via these adrenergic receptors, NE is able to regulate the level of immune cell activity by initiating a change in the level of cellular activity, which often involves a change in the level of gene expression for cytokines and antibodies.
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            Retrograde menstruation in healthy women and in patients with endometriosis.

            Blood was found in the peritoneal fluid in 90% of women with patent tubes at laparoscopy during perimenstrual time. If the fallopian tubes were occluded, then only 15% of patients had evidence of blood in the pelvis. Also, 90% of patients with endometriosis and eight of nine women on oral contraceptives had bloody fluid during the menstrual period. The present observations indicate that retrograde menstruation through the fallopian tubes into the peritoneal cavity is a very common physiologic event in all menstruating women with patent tubes.
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              Mast cells signal their importance in health and disease

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                weiyj103@163.com
                lychun1988@foxmail.com
                710560957@qq.com
                18814101507@163.com
                yszlfy@163.com
                Journal
                J Neuroinflammation
                J Neuroinflammation
                Journal of Neuroinflammation
                BioMed Central (London )
                1742-2094
                7 March 2020
                7 March 2020
                2020
                : 17
                : 80
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.412615.5, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, , First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, ; No. 58, the 2nd Zhongshan Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080 Guangdong China
                [2 ]GRID grid.12981.33, ISNI 0000 0001 2360 039X, Zhongshan School of Medicine, , Sun Yat-Sen University, ; Guangzhou, 510089 China
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1882-3414
                Article
                1752
                10.1186/s12974-020-01752-1
                7060607
                32145751
                aa3520f1-c5fa-4bd9-8d8a-f067557361e1
                © The Author(s) 2020

                Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

                History
                : 25 June 2019
                : 20 February 2020
                Funding
                Funded by: Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (CN)
                Award ID: Grant No. 2016A030310151
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: Student Innovation Training Program of Sun Yat-Sen University
                Award ID: Grant No. 201901097
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: Special Funds for the Cultivation of Guangdong College Students’ Scientific and Technological Innovation
                Award ID: pdjh2019a0004
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809, National Natural Science Foundation of China;
                Award ID: Grant No. 81701416
                Award Recipient :
                Categories
                Review
                Custom metadata
                © The Author(s) 2020

                Neurosciences
                endometriosis,autonomic nervous system,inflammation,pain
                Neurosciences
                endometriosis, autonomic nervous system, inflammation, pain

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