Wound healing: cellular mechanisms and pathological outcomes

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Abstract

Wound healing is a complex, dynamic process supported by a myriad of cellular events that must be tightly coordinated to efficiently repair damaged tissue. Derangement in wound-linked cellular behaviours, as occurs with diabetes and ageing, can lead to healing impairment and the formation of chronic, non-healing wounds. These wounds are a significant socioeconomic burden due to their high prevalence and recurrence. Thus, there is an urgent requirement for the improved biological and clinical understanding of the mechanisms that underpin wound repair. Here, we review the cellular basis of tissue repair and discuss how current and emerging understanding of wound pathology could inform future development of efficacious wound therapies.

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Most cited references 180

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Cellular senescence in aging and age-related disease: from mechanisms to therapy.

Bennett Childs, Matej Durik, Darren J. Baker … (2015)

Cellular senescence, a process that imposes permanent proliferative arrest on cells in response to various stressors, has emerged as a potentially important contributor to aging and age-related disease, and it is an attractive target for therapeutic exploitation. A wealth of information about senescence in cultured cells has been acquired over the past half century; however, senescence in living organisms is poorly understood, largely because of technical limitations relating to the identification and characterization of senescent cells in tissues and organs. Furthermore, newly recognized beneficial signaling functions of senescence suggest that indiscriminately targeting senescent cells or modulating their secretome for anti-aging therapy may have negative consequences. Here we discuss current progress and challenges in understanding the stressors that induce senescence in vivo, the cell types that are prone to senesce, and the autocrine and paracrine properties of senescent cells in the contexts of aging and age-related diseases as well as disease therapy.

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Inflammation in wound repair: molecular and cellular mechanisms.

Sabine A. Eming, Thomas Krieg, Jeffrey Davidson (2007)

In post-natal life the inflammatory response is an inevitable consequence of tissue injury. Experimental studies established the dogma that inflammation is essential to the establishment of cutaneous homeostasis following injury, and in recent years information about specific subsets of inflammatory cell lineages and the cytokine network orchestrating inflammation associated with tissue repair has increased. Recently, this dogma has been challenged, and reports have raised questions on the validity of the essential prerequisite of inflammation for efficient tissue repair. Indeed, in experimental models of repair, inflammation has been shown to delay healing and to result in increased scarring. Furthermore, chronic inflammation, a hallmark of the non-healing wound, predisposes tissue to cancer development. Thus, a more detailed understanding in mechanisms controlling the inflammatory response during repair and how inflammation directs the outcome of the healing process will serve as a significant milestone in the therapy of pathological tissue repair. In this paper, we review cellular and molecular mechanisms controlling inflammation in cutaneous tissue repair and provide a rationale for targeting the inflammatory phase in order to modulate the outcome of the healing response.

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The Wound Healing Process: An Overview of the Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms

T. Velnar, T. Bailey, V Smrkolj (2009)

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Open Biol

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Open Biol

Journal ID (publisher-id): RSOB

Journal ID (hwp): royopenbio

Title: Open Biology

Publisher: The Royal Society

ISSN (Electronic): 2046-2441

Publication date Collection: September 2020

Publication date (Electronic): 30 September 2020

Publication date PMC-release: 30 September 2020

Volume: 10

Issue: 9

Electronic Location Identifier: 200223

Affiliations

Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, The University of Hull , Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom

Author notes

e-mail: h.n.wilkinson@ 123456hull.ac.uk

Author information

Holly N. Wilkinson http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8453-7264

Article

Publisher ID: rsob200223

DOI: 10.1098/rsob.200223

PMC ID: 7536089

PubMed ID: 32993416

SO-VID: aa3fc385-2f14-4225-a8b7-47bac42e8950

License:

Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited.

History

Date received : 22 July 2020

Date accepted : 8 September 2020

Custom metadata

cover-date September 2020

ScienceOpen disciplines: Life sciences

Keywords: wound healing,chronic wounds,tissue repair,diabetes,ageing,skin

Data availability:

ScienceOpen disciplines: Life sciences

Keywords: wound healing, chronic wounds, tissue repair, diabetes, ageing, skin

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